<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nuc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник НЯЦ РК</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NNC RK Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-7516</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1729-7885</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52676/1729-7885-2026-1-228-235</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nuc-1035</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ ВАРИАНТОВ ДАЛЬНЕЙШЕГО ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ОТРАБОТАВШИМ ЯДЕРНЫМ ТОПЛИВОМ РЕАКТОРНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ БН-350</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR FURTHER MANAGEMENT OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL FROM THE BN-350 REACTOR FACILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3936-6396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сейсенбаева</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seisenbayeva</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер 2 категории отдела ядерной безопасности и развития атомной энергетики</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the second category of the Department of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Energy Development</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seysenbaeva@nnc.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поспелов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pospelov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник отдела ядерной безопасности и развития атомной энергетики</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Department of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Energy Development</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pospelov@nnc.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровиков</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovikov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный инженер филиала ИАЭ РГП НЯЦ РК</p><p>Курчатов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Engineer of the branch of the Institute of Atomic Energy of the NNC RK</p><p>Kurchatov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korovikov@nnc.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Филиал «Институт атомной энергии» РГП НЯЦ РК<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Branch “Institute of Atomic Energy” RSE NNC RK<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>235</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сейсенбаева М.К., Поспелов В.А., Коровиков А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сейсенбаева М.К., Поспелов В.А., Коровиков А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seisenbayeva M.K., Pospelov V.A., Korovikov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/1035">https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/1035</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье проведен анализ вариантов дальнейшего обращения с отработавшим ядерным топливом (ОЯТ) реакторной установки БН-350, которая эксплуатировалась в период с 1973 по 1999 годы. На основе сложившегося мирового опыта, рекомендаций международных организаций и требований национального законодательства, а также доступных на сегодняшний день технологий рассмотрены возможные сценарии обращения с ОЯТ реакторной установки БН-350, включая долговременное хранение, переработку и прямое захоронение. Статья направлена на формирование рекомендаций для выработки дальнейшей стратегии обращения с ОЯТ в Республике Казахстан с учетом обеспечения долгосрочной безопасности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper analyzes the options for further management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from the BN-350 reactor facility, which was in operation from 1973 to 1999. Based on the established international experience, recommendations of international organizations and requirements of national legislation, as well as the technologies currently available, possible scenarios for the management of the spent nuclear fuel from the BN-350 reactor facility, including the long-term storage, processing and direct disposal, have been considered. The paper is oriented at forming the recommendations for developing a further strategy for the SNF management in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account long-term safety.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реакторная установка БН-350</kwd><kwd>ОЯТ</kwd><kwd>хранение</kwd><kwd>переработка</kwd><kwd>захоронение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BN-350 reactor facility</kwd><kwd>SNF</kwd><kwd>storage</kwd><kwd>processing</kwd><kwd>disposal</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа проводилась при финансовой поддержке Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан в рамках программы BR24993104 «Проведение исследований в обоснование выбора эффективных и оптимальных способов и технологий обращения с ОЯТ реакторной установки БН-350».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA. Fundamental Safety Principles. (Safety Fundamentals Series; No. SF-1) – Vienna : IAEA, 2006..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA. Fundamental Safety Principles. (Safety Fundamentals Series; No. SF-1) – Vienna : IAEA, 2006..</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA. Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste. (Safety Standards Series; No. GSR Part 5). – Vienna : IAEA, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA. Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste. (Safety Standards Series; No. GSR Part 5). – Vienna : IAEA, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA. Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. (Safety Standards Series; No. SSG-15 (Rev.1)) – Vienna : IAEA, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA. Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel. (Safety Standards Series; No. SSG-15 (Rev.1)) – Vienna : IAEA, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA. The Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. – Vienna : IAEA, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA. The Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. – Vienna : IAEA, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по вариантам и системам хранения отработавшего топлива / МАГАТЭ. – Вена : МАГАТЭ, 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukovodstvo po variantam i sistemam khraneniya otrabotavshego topliva / MAGATE. – Vena : MAGATE, 2025.] (In Russ.) – (STI/DOC/010/240/3). – ISBN 978-92-0-436124-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обзор ядерных технологий / МАГАТЭ. – Вена : МАГАТЭ, 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obzor yadernykh tekhnologiy / IAEA. – Vienna : IAEA, 2025.] – (GC(69)/INF/9).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CNNC Overseas. – URL: https://en.cnnc.com.cn/ru/2022-07/22/c_791592.htm (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CNNC Overseas. – URL: https://en.cnnc.com.cn/ru/2022-07/22/c_791592.htm (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ed W.W. Science and Technology of Tributyl Phosphate / W.W. Ed, J.D. // CRC Press. – Florida : CRC Press, 1990. – Vol. 3, No. 2. – P. 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ed W.W. Science and Technology of Tributyl Phosphate / W.W. Ed, J.D. // CRC Press. – Florida : CRC Press, 1990. – Vol. 3, No. 2. – P. 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birkett J., Carrott M.J., Fox O.D. [et al.]. Recent developments in the Purex process for nuclear fuel reprocessing: Complexant based stripping for uranium/plutonium separation // Chimia. – 2005. – Vol. 59, No. 12. – P. 898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birkett J., Carrott M.J., Fox O.D. [et al.]. Recent developments in the Purex process for nuclear fuel reprocessing: Complexant based stripping for uranium/plutonium separation // Chimia. – 2005. – Vol. 59, No. 12. – P. 898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choice of method – evaluation of strategies and systems for disposal of spent nuclear fuel / Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB. – October 2010. – (SKB P-10-47). – ISSN 1651-4416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choice of method – evaluation of strategies and systems for disposal of spent nuclear fuel / Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB. – October 2010. – (SKB P-10-47). – ISSN 1651-4416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балихин А.В. О состоянии и перспективах развития методов переработки отработавшего ядерного топлива. Обзор // Комплексное использование минерального сырья. – 2018. – № 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balikhin A.V. O sostoyanii i perspektivakh razvitiya metodov pererabotki otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva. Obzor // Kompleksnoe ispol'zovanie mineral'nogo syr'ya. – 2018. – No. 1.] (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Финляндия запустит хранилище ядерного топлива в 2026 году.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finlyandiya zapustit khranilishche yadernogo topliva v 2026 godu.] (In Russ.) – URL: https://realnoevremya.ru/news/384626-finlyandiya-zapustit-hranilische-yadernogo-topliva-v-2026-godu (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zagar T. Разработка концепции многонационального хранилища: изучение альтернативных подходов к финансированию многонационального хранилища =</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Development of Multinational Repository concept: Exploring Alternative Approaches to Financing Multinational Repository / International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC) // Международная конференция по обращению с отработавшим топливом ядерных энергетических реакторов (24-28 июня 2019 г., Вена, Австрия). – Vienna : IAEA, 2019. – URL: https://www.ifnec.org/ifnec/jcms/g_12434/iaea-cn272-id120-zagar-ppt (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The La Hague reprocessing plant: expansion and continued operation until at least 2100. – Gesellschaft für Anlagenund Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH. – URL: https://www.grs.de/en/news/la-hague-reprocessing-plant-expansion-and-continued-operation-until-least-2100 (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The La Hague reprocessing plant: expansion and continued operation until at least 2100. – Gesellschaft für Anlagenund Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH. – URL: https://www.grs.de/en/news/la-hague-reprocessing-plant-expansion-and-continued-operation-until-least-2100 (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. The Economics of the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Nuclear Development, – Paris : OECD Publishing, 2014. – URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264208520-en (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. The Economics of the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Nuclear Development, – Paris : OECD Publishing, 2014. – URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264208520-en (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunn M. [et al.]. The Economics of Reprocessing vs Direct Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel. – Cambridge, MA : Project on Managing the Atom, Harvard University, 2003. – URL: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/economics-reprocessing-vs-direct-disposal-spent-nuclear-fuel (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunn M. [et al.]. The Economics of Reprocessing vs Direct Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel. – Cambridge, MA : Project on Managing the Atom, Harvard University, 2003. – URL: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/economics-reprocessing-vs-direct-disposal-spent-nuclear-fuel (дата обращения: 12.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Производство МОКС-топлива во Франции в 2024 году осталось на уровне 2023 года. – 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proizvodstvo MOKS-topliva vo Frantsii v 2024 godu ostalos' na urovne 2023 goda.] (In Russ.) – URL: https://www.atomic-energy.ru/news/2025/02/11/153360 (дата обращения: 14.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Финляндия построит самое дорогостоящее хранилище для отработанного ядерного топлива. – 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finlyandiya postroit samoe dorogostoyashchee khranilishche dlya otrabotannogo yadernogo topliva.] (In Russ.)– URL: https://elektrovesti.net/46809_finlyandiya-postroit-samoe-dorogostoyashchee-khranilishche-dlya-otrabotannogo-yadernogo-topliva (дата обращения: 10.01.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пестов Е.Ю., Тореев В.Ю., Великанов А.Е. [и др.]. Развитие геолого-геофизических методов изучения и оценки кристаллических горных пород СИП для экологически безопасной изоляции РАО : отчет о НИР (окончательный по теме 04.02.H за 2009-2011 гг.) / ДГП ИГИ НЯЦ РК. – Курчатов, 2011. – 81 с. – (№ ГР 0109РК00472 ; Инв. № 0211РК00528). – Фонды НЦ НТИ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pestov E.Yu., Toreev V.Yu., Velikanov A.E. [i dr.]. Razvitie geologo-geofizicheskikh metodov izucheniya i otsenki kristallicheskikh gornykh porod SIP dlya ekologicheski bezopasnoy izolyatsii RAO : otchet o NIR (okonchatel'nyy po teme 04.02.H za 2009-2011 gg.) / DGP IGI NYaTs RK. – Kurchatov, 2011. – 81 s. – (№ GR 0109RK00472 ; Inv. № 0211RK00528). – Fondy NTs NTI. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пестов Е.Ю., Бахтин Л.В., Русинова Л.А. [и др.]. Развитие геолого-геофизических методов изучения и оценки кристаллических горных пород СИП для экологически безопасной изоляции РАО : промежуточный отчет по теме 04.02.Н за 2012 г. / РГП ИГИ АРКАЭ. – Курчатов, 2013. – 74 с. – (№ ГР 0112РК00760 ; Инв. № 0213РК00351). – Фонды КазГосИНТИ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pestov E.Yu., Bakhtin L.V., Rusinova L.A. [i dr.]. Razvitie geologo-geofizicheskikh metodov izucheniya i otsenki kristallicheskikh gornykh porod SIP dlya ekologicheski bezopasnoy izolyatsii RAO : promezhutochnyy otchet po teme 04.02.N za 2012 g. / RGP IGI ARKAE. – Kurchatov, 2013. – 74 s. – (№ GR 0112RK00760 ; Inv. № 0213RK00351). – Fondy KazGosINTI. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глубокие скважины: альтернатива для окончательного захоронения ОЯТ / Шведский Совет по ядерным отходам. – 2007. – (KASAM 2007).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glubokie skvazhiny: al'ternativa dlya okonchatel'nogo zakhoroneniya OYaT / Shvedskiy Sovet po yadernym otkhodam. – 2007. – (KASAM 2007). (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
