nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2020-3-50-59nuc-265Research ArticleСтатьиОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГЛУБИНЫ ИСТОЧНИКА ШЕСТИ ЯДЕРНЫХ ИСПЫТАНИЙ КНДР (2006, 2009, 2013, 2016J, 2016S и 2017) ПО РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫМ И ТЕЛЕСЕЙСМИЧЕСКИМ ДАННЫМSOURCE DEPTH DETERMINATION OF THE DPRK’S SIX NUCLEAR TESTS (2006, 2009, 2013, 2016J, 2016S, AND 2017) USING REGIONAL AND TELESEISMIC DATAКимС. Г.KimS. G.

Goyang

ГиттерманЙ.GittermanY.

Беэр-Шева

Beer-Sheva

ЛиС.LeeS.

Сеул

Goyang

Seoul

Корейский сейсмологический институтЮжная КореяKorea Seismological InstituteKorea, Republic ofУниверситет Негева им. Бен-ГурионаИзраильBen-Gurion University of the NegevIsraelКорейский сейсмологический институт; Университет ХаньянЮжная КореяKorea Seismological Institute; Department of Physics, Hanyang UnivrsityKorea, Republic of202030092020035059Copyright © Ким С.Г., Гиттерман Й., Ли С., 20202020Ким С.Г., Гиттерман Й., Ли С.Kim S.G., Gitterman Y., Lee S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/265

Северная Корея провела подземные ядерные взрывы 9 октября 2006 г. (mb 4.3), 25 мая 2009 г. (mb 4.7), 12 февраля 2013 г. (mb 5.1), 6 января 2016 г. (mb 5.1), 9 сентября 2016г. (mb 5.3) и 3 сентября 2017 г. (mb 6.3). Выполнена оценка глубины источников этих северокорейских ядерных взрывов по региональным и телесейсмическим данным. Методом спектральных нулей pP+P/sP+P и pPn + Pn/sPn+Pn, включая спектральные минимумы (пробелы) колебаний основного амплитудного спектра волны Рэлея, было установлено, что глубина заложения зарядов всех северокорейских ядерных взрывов составляла около 2 км. Отмечено, что использование спектров с усредненным азимутом более всего подходит для оценки глубины неизвестных источников в нелинейных топографических регионах, таких как северокорейские ядерные испытательные полигоны. Выявлены спектральные аномалии, зависящие не только от типа источника, но и от условий площадки. Установлены спектральные аномалии на более высоких частотах на станциях, расположенных на Балтийском щите, например, ARCES и FINES, ввиду более высокой скорости в земной коре, которая приводит к быстрому вступлению продольной волны с высоким Q и низким затуханием, содержащим высокую частоту. Это хорошо подходит для обнаружения подземных ядерных взрывов, в то время как спектральные нули на ASAR оказались более низкочастотными из-за расположения под сейсмической группой Большого артезианского бассейна, включающего зону малых скоростей в верхней части мантии. Подобные проявления спектральных нулей наблюдаются также в связи с отражением от границ неоднородностей 660-километрового разрыва от глубокофокусного землетрясения. Отмечена возможность влияния на отношение MS:mb и определение сейсмической мощности северокорейских подземных ядерных испытаний подрыва над заложенным зарядом [1].

North Korea conducted underground nuclear explosions on October 9, 2006 (mb 4.3), May 25, 2009 (mb 4.7), February 12, 2013 (mb 5,1), January 6, 2016 (mb 5,1), September 9, 2016 (mb 5,3) and September 3, 2017 (mb 6,3). We estimated source depths for the North Korean nuclear tests using regional and teleseismic data. We found the burial depth at around 2 km for all North Korean nuclear tests using spectral nulls using pP+P/sP+P and pPn + Pn/ sPn+Pn including spectral minima (holes) of the fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave amplitude spectra. It should be noted that utilizing azimuth averaged spectra from the observations is most appropriate to estimate depth for unknown sources in the nonlinear topographic region such as the North Korean nuclear test sites. It is also noticeable to have found spectral anomalies depending on not only source effects but also the site effects. We found higher spectral nulls at the Fennoscandian Shield stations like ARCES and FINES due to the higher crustal velocity resulting in the fast P-wave arrivals with high Q and low attenuation containing high frequencies which very fit to underground nuclear detection, whereas spectral nulls at ASAR are found to be much lower because there is the Great Artesian Basin beneath the array including the low velocity zone in the upper mantle as well. These phenomena are also observed from spectral nulls due to reflection from the bottom of the 660-km Discontinuity by a deep-focus earthquake. It is also notable that the possibility of the over-burial detonation would affect MS : mb and seismic yield for the North Korean underground nuclear tests [1].

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.