nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2022-3-31-38nuc-425Research ArticleСтатьиВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ РАДИОНУКЛИДОВ В ПОЧВАХ СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКОГО ИСПЫТАТЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛИГОНАVERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN SOILS OF SEMIPALATINSK TEST SITEhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-8806ПаницкийА. В.PanitskiyA. V.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

panitskiy@nnc.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-6392КундузбаеваА. Е.KunduzbayevaА. Е.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

kunduzbaeva@nnc.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-4429БайгазыС. А.BaygazyS. А.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

baigazy@nnc.kzФилиал «Институт радиационной безопасности и экологии» РГП НЯЦ РККазахстанBranch “Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology” RSE NNC RKKazakhstan202228092022033138Copyright © Паницкий А.В., Кундузбаева А.Е., Байгазы С.А., 20222022Паницкий А.В., Кундузбаева А.Е., Байгазы С.А.Panitskiy A.V., Kunduzbayeva А.Е., Baygazy S.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/425

В статье рассмотрен характер вертикального распределения основных долгоживущих техногенных радионуклидов 137Cs, 241Am, 90Sr и 239+240Pu в почвах Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Рассмотрены участки с различным характером радионуклидного загрязнения – места проведения наземных испытаний ядерного и термоядерного оружия на испытательной площадке «Опытное поле», радиоактивные выпадения в виде следов в пределах территории Семипалатинского испытательного полигона, участки испытания боевых радиоактивных веществ, расположенные на испытательной площадке «4А», участки луговых экосистем, сопряженных с радиоактивно-загрязненными водотоками из испытательных штолен испытательной площадки «Дегелен», условно «фоновые» территории полигона, непосредственно на которых испытаний ядерного и термоядерного оружия не проводилось. В ходе исследований выявлены различия в характере распределения исследуемых радионуклидов по глубине в почвах указанных участков. Различия обусловлены характером образования радионуклидного загрязнения и наличием абиотических и биотических факторов, таких, как, физико-химические свойства почв, режим увлажнения, деятельность человека, и др.. На основании полученных данных разработаны рекомендации, направленные на оптимизацию исследований вертикального распределения радионуклидов в почвенном покрове бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. В частности, установлено, что при проведении таких исследований достаточно классифицировать почву до типа почвы и ограничить исследования до глубины 30 см.

The article addresses the pattern of vertical distribution of the major long-lived man-made radionuclides 137Cs, 241Am, 90Sr and 239+240Pu in soils of the Semipalatinsk Test Site. Areas of different contamination with radionuclides are discussed – places of aboveground nuclear and fusion tests conducted at the ‘Experimental Field’ site, the fallout in the form of plumes within the Semipalatinsk Test Site, areas of radiological warfare agent tests at the ‘4А’ site, areas of meadow ecosystems associated with radioactively contaminated water streams from test adits of the ‘Degelen’ testing site, conventionally ‘background’ areas of the test site, in which no nuclear or fusion tests were conducted. In the course of research, differences were revealed in the vertical distribution of radionuclides of interest in soils of the above areas. Differences are attributed to the pattern of how contamination with radionuclides is formed and to abiotic and biotic factors such as physical and chemical soil properties, moistening conditions, human activity and others. Based upon findings, recommendations were developed, aimed at the optimization of research into the vertical distribution of radionuclides in the soil cover of the former Semipalatinsk test Site. In particular, it was found that when undertaking such research, it was sufficient to confine oneself to dividing a territory by the soil type and restrict the research depth to 30 cm.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.