nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2024-2-110-119nuc-655Research ArticleСтатьиИCCЛЕДОВАНИЕ АЭРАЛЬНОГО ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ ТРИТИЯ ОВОЩНЫМИ КУЛЬТУРАМИ В КАМЕРЕ И НАТУРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХSTUDY OF AERIAL TRITIUM UPTAKE BY VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER CHAMBER AND FIELD CONDITIONShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-5868ПоливкинаЕ. Н.PolivkinaYe. N.

начальник лаборатории радиоэкологических и биогеохимических исследований,

Курчатов

Kurchatov

polivkina.elena75@gmail.comСысоеваЕ. С.SyssoyevaYe. S.

инженер-эколог 2 категории лаборатории радиоэкологических и биогеохимических исследований отдела радиоэкологических и биодозиметрических исследований,

Курчатов

Kurchatov

syssoeva@nnc.kzПаницкийА. В.PanitskyA. V.

начальник отдела радиоэкологических и биодозиметрических исследований,

Курчатов

Kurchatov

panitskiy@nnc.kzТимоноваЛ. В.TimonovaL. V.

начальник группы низкофоновых измерений лаборатории ядерно-физических методов анализа отдела мониторинга и эколого-аналитических исследований,

Курчатов

Kurchatov

Timonova@nnc.kzКенжинаЛ. Б.KenzhinaL. B.

начальник лаборатории биодозиметрических исследований отдела радиоэкологических и биодозиметрических исследований,

Курчатов

Kurchatov

laurakenzhina@nnc.kzФилиал «Институт радиационной безопасности и экологии» РГП НЯЦ РККазахстанBranch “Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology” RSE NNC RKKazakhstan20243006202402110119Copyright © Поливкина Е.Н., Сысоева Е.С., Паницкий А.В., Тимонова Л.В., Кенжина Л.Б., 20242024Поливкина Е.Н., Сысоева Е.С., Паницкий А.В., Тимонова Л.В., Кенжина Л.Б.Polivkina Y.N., Syssoyeva Y.S., Panitsky A.V., Timonova L.V., Kenzhina L.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/655

В лабораторных (в камере) и натурных условиях (на территории бывшего Семипалатинского полигона) была проведена серия экспозиций культур перца и баклажана тритием в форме НТО на разных стадиях роста. В камерных экспериментах удельная активность трития в свободной воде (ТСВ) листьев растений в ходе экспозиции увеличивалась, а в натурных условиях характеризовалась нестабильной динамикой. Удельная активность ТСВ в листьях обеих культур была на 1–2 порядка выше, чем в стеблях и плодах. Значения ТСВ/HTOвозд. показали, что удельная активность ТСВ в конце экспозиции достигает равновесного состояния только в листьях. Как в натурных, так и в камерных экспериментах наблюдалось обогащение свободной воды тканей тритием по сравнению с окружающим воздухом (ТСВ/HTOвозд >1). В пост-экспозиционный период удельная активность ТСВ в обеих культурах быстро снижалась в первые сутки (более 90–95%). В последующие 2 недели (336 ч) снижение ТСВ значительно замедлялось. Во всех экспериментах значения удельной активности органически-связанного трития (OСT) в листьях перца и баклажана на 1–2 порядка ниже по сравнению с ТСВ. Удельная активность OСT в обеих культурах в первые сутки после экспозиции характеризовалась как положительной, так и отрицательной динамикой. Через 2 недели (336 ч) после экспозиции потеря ОСТ составила 60–95%. Тесная корреляционная зависимость установлена между удельной активностью ТСВ в листьях и НТО в воздухе (r = 0.73; р<0,05), и умеренная – между удельной активностью ТСВ в листьях и влажностью воздуха (r = 0.54; р<0,05). Между удельной активностью OСT в листьях и факторами окружающей среды (фотосинтетически активная радиация, температура, относительная влажность) достоверная корреляционная зависимость не выявлена.

Полученные результаты показали, что возможный вклад органически-связанного трития в среднегодовую дозу внутреннего облучения при употреблении растениеводческой продукции, подвергшейся кратковременному аэральному загрязнению НТО, будут пренебрежимо малы. Данные натурных экспериментов, учитывающие влияние реальных климатических факторов, могут быть использованы для тестирования региональных моделей воздушного переноса трития в системе «воздух – сельскохозяйственные растения».

Under laboratory (in a chamber) and full-scale conditions (at the former Semipalatinsk Test Site), pepper and eggplant were exposed several times to tritium in the form of НТО at different growth stages. In chamber experiments, tritium activity concentration in the free water (TFWT) of plants’ leaves during exposure increased, and under full-scale conditions, it was marked by an unsteady dynamic. TFWT activity concentration in leaves of both crops was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than in stems and fruits. Values of TFWT/HTOair. showed that TFWT activity concentration at the end of exposure reached equilibrium only in leaves. Both in full-scale and chamber experiments, tissue free water was noted to be enriched with tritium compared to the ambient air (TFWT/HTOair >1). In the post-exposure period, FWT activity concentration in both crops quickly dropped on the first day (over 90–95%). In the next 2 weeks (336 h), a reduction in TFWT was markedly slowing down. In all experiments, activity concentration values of organically bound tritium (OBT) in pepper and eggplant leaves are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than TFWT. OBT activity concentration in both crops on the first day after exposure was marked by both a positive and negative dynamics. After 2 weeks (336 h) following the exposure, the loss of OBT was 60–95%. A close correlation relationship was established between TFWT activity concentration in leaves and HTO in the air (r = 0.73; р<0.05), and a moderate one – between TFWT activity concentration in leaves and the air humidity (r = 0.54; р<0.05). No significant correlation relationship was revealed between OBT activity concentration in leaves and environmental factors (photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, relative humidity). Findings showed that a possible contribution by organically bound tritium to the annual average internal exposure dose on consumption of crop products exposed to a short-term aerial contamination by HTO will be negligible. Data from full-scale experiments, taking into account the impact by actual climatic factors, could be used to test regional models of tritium transport by air in the “air-to-agricultural plant” system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.