nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2024-4-21-35nuc-704Research ArticleСтатьиЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ БИОРЕМЕДИАЦИИ ПОЧВЫ, ЗАГРЯЗНЕННОЙ НЕФТЕПРОДУКТАМИ, В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМАTHE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECO-TOURISMhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-4947ОнерханГ. А.OnerkhanG. A.

доктор биологических наук

Астана

Astana

guline@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-3419БаделгажыЕ. Б.BadyelgajyYe. B.

докторант, факультет естественных наук

Астана

Astana

erbahit.tourism@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-8200КапсалямовБ. А.KapsalyamovB. A.

профессора кафедры управления инжиниринга в сфере охраны окружащей среды, доктора технических наук

Астана

Astana

ba.kapsalyamov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-9496КыстаубаеваЗ. К.KystaubayevaZ. H.

кандидат медицинских наук

Астана

Astana

zaidagulk.1@gmail.comСыздыковЕ. Т.SyzdykovYe. T.

Кокшетау

Kokshetau

ESyzdykov@shokan.edu.kzКазахский университет технологии и бизнесаКазахстанKazakh University of Technology and BusinessKazakhstanЕвразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. ГумилеваКазахстанL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityKazakhstanЕвразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н.ГумилеваКазахстанL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityKazakhstanМедицинский университет АстанаКазахстанAstana medical UniversityKazakhstanКокшетауский университет им. Ш. УалихановаКазахстанKokshetau University named after Sh. UalikhanovKazakhstan202430122024042135Copyright © Онерхан Г.А., Баделгажы Е.Б., Капсалямов Б.А., Кыстаубаева З.К., Сыздыков Е.Т., 20252025Онерхан Г.А., Баделгажы Е.Б., Капсалямов Б.А., Кыстаубаева З.К., Сыздыков Е.Т.Onerkhan G.A., Badyelgajy Y.B., Kapsalyamov B.A., Kystaubayeva Z.H., Syzdykov Y.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/704

Статья посвящена исследованию методов очистки почв, загрязненных нефтепродуктами в процессе экологического туризма, с целью сохранения природной среды. Для очистки почв был использован биопрепарат «Бакойл-KZ», созданный на основе гидрокарбонокисляющих микроорганизмов. Применение этого препарата увеличило степень очистки почвы от нефтепродуктов с 67,8% до 97,2%, причем наиболее эффективной дозировкой оказалось 2 г/кг. Морфологический анализ и биотестирование с использованием ростков водяного кресса показали отсутствие токсичных свойств в очищенной почве. В экспериментах с добавлением «Бакойл-KZ» (1 г/кг и 5 г/кг) проросло соответственно 84–82% и 88–90% семян, что свидетельствует о очистке почвы. В загрязненной почве без добавления биопродуктов проросло всего 19–23 экземпляра семян (38–46%), что указывает на медленный процесс самоочищения. Использование «Бакойл-KZ» экологически безопасно, предотвращает экологические катастрофы, требует меньше ресурсов и позволяет очищать земельные участки различных масштабов без ущерба для экосистемы. Это делает препарат эффективным инструментом для восстановления почв в туристически активных зонах. Эффективное управление исключения загрязнения почв и использование современных методов очистки, таких как биопрепарат «Бакойл-KZ», играют ключевую роль в сохранении первозданной природы уникальных природных зон. Внедрение устойчивых туристических практик и технологий поможет минимизировать негативное воздействие на окружающую среду и способствует сохранению биоразнообразия и экосистем.

The article is devoted to the study of methods for cleaning soils contaminated with petroleum products in the process of eco-tourism in order to preserve the natural environment. Bakoil-KZ biological product, created on the basis of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, was used for soil purification. The use of this drug increased the degree of soil purification from petroleum products from 67.8% to 97.2%, with the most effective dosage being 2 g/kg. Morphological analysis and biotesting using watercress sprouts showed the absence of toxic properties in the purified soil. In experiments with the addition of Bakoil-KZ (1 g/kg and 5 g/kg), 84–82% and 88–90% of seeds germinated, respectively, which indicates soil purification. In polluted soil, only 19–23 seed specimens (38–46%) germinated without the addition of biological products, which indicates a slow self-purification process. The use of Bakoil-KZ is environmentally safe, prevents environmental disasters, requires fewer resources and allows land plots of various scales to be cleaned without damage to the ecosystem. This makes the drug an effective tool for soil restoration in touristically active areas. Effective management of soil pollution elimination and the use of modern cleaning methods, such as Bakoil-KZ biologics, play a key role in preserving the pristine nature of unique natural areas. The introduction of sustainable tourism practices and technologies will help minimize the negative impact on the environment and contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems.

нефтепродуктыбензиндизельное топливобиоремедиациябиотестирование«Бакойл-KZ»почвазагрязнениеpetroleum productsgasolinediesel fuelbioremediationbiotesting«Бакойл-KZ»soilpollutionReferencesSmith, J., Brown, R., & Green, D. Environmental impacts of tourism on soil pollution: A case study of automotive emissions in tourist regions // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. – 2017. – Vol. 24(18). – P. 15502– 15515.Smith, J., Brown, R., & Green, D. Environmental impacts of tourism on soil pollution: A case study of automotive emissions in tourist regions // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. – 2017. – Vol. 24(18). – P. 15502– 15515.UNEP (2020). Tourism and Environment: Annual Report. United Nations Environment Programme.UNEP (2020). Tourism and Environment: Annual Report. United Nations Environment Programme.Михайлов, А. И., Петров, В. С., & Иванова, Е. В. Влияние автомобильного транспорта на загрязнение почвы в горной местности (на примере региона горы Белухи) // Экология и природопользование. – 2019. – № 6. – С. 42–54.Mikhaylov, A. I., Petrov, V. S., & Ivanova, E. V. Vliyanie avtomobil'nogo transporta na zagryaznenie pochvy v gornoy mestnosti (na primere regiona gory Belukhi) // Ekologiya i prirodopol'zovanie. – 2019. – Vol. 6. – P. 42–54. (In Russ.)UNEP (2020). Environmental Impact of Transport on Soil Pollution in Unique Natural Areas. United Nations Environment Programme.UNEP (2020). Environmental Impact of Transport on Soil Pollution in Unique Natural Areas. United Nations Environment Programme.Brown, J. & Smith, R. Soil Pollution from Transport Accidents // Journal of Environmental Protection. – 2015. – Vol. 10(5). – P. 200–210.Brown, J. & Smith, R. Soil Pollution from Transport Accidents // Journal of Environmental Protection. – 2015. – Vol. 10(5). – P. 200–210.Zhanar Kassenova, Yeldos Iskakov, Bolat Yermagambet, Bauyrzhan Kapsalyamov, Mezgil Saulebekova, Dina Imbayeva, Maira Kazankapova1 and Dariga Nasyrova. Effectiveness of Oil-Contaminated Soil Reclamation with Humic Preparations // International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences. – 2024. – Vol. 13(3). – P. 474–487. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2024.154.Zhanar Kassenova, Yeldos Iskakov, Bolat Yermagambet, Bauyrzhan Kapsalyamov, Mezgil Saulebekova, Dina Imbayeva, Maira Kazankapova1 and Dariga Nasyrova. Effectiveness of Oil-Contaminated Soil Reclamation with Humic Preparations // International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences. – 2024. – Vol. 13(3). – P. 474–487. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2024.154.Касенова Ж. М., Ермагамбет Б. Т., Капсалямов Б. А., Туяк С. Н., Саулебекова М. Е., Имбаева Д. С., Казанкапова М. К., Искаков Е. С. Экологическая оценка эффективности методов обработки почвы гуминовыми веществами для снижения загрязнения металлами // Вестник науки Казахского агротехнического исследовательского университета имени С.Сейфуллина. – 2024. – № 2 (121). – С. 82–96. ISSN 2710-3757, ISSN 2079-939Х. Сельскохозяйственные науки. https://doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2024.2(121).1658Kasenova Zh. M., Ermagambet B. T., Kapsalyamov B. A., Tuyak S. N., Saulebekova M. E., Imbaeva D. S., Kazankapova M. K., Iskakov E. S. Ekologicheskaya otsenka effektivnosti metodov obrabotki pochvy guminovymi veshchestvami dlya snizheniya zagryazneniya metallami // Vestnik nauki Kazakhskogo agrotekhni-cheskogo issledovatel'skogo universiteta imeni S.Seyfullina. – 2024. – No. 2 (121). – P. 82–96. ISSN 2710-3757, ISSN 2079- 939Kh. Sel'skokhozyaystven¬nye nauki. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2024.2(121). 1658Kapsalyamov B., Tuyak S., Kassenova Zh., Yermagambet B., Kazankapova M. Innovative ways to clean oilcontaminated soil. XIII international scientific conference. Tallinn. Estonia. 23-24.05.2024. – P 85-92.Kapsalyamov B., Tuyak S., Kassenova Zh., Yermagambet B., Kazankapova M. Innovative ways to clean oilcontaminated soil. XIII international scientific conference. Tallinn. Estonia. 23-24.05.2024. – P 85-92.UNEP (2014). Transport and Soil Pollution: Addressing the Challenge. United Nations Environment Programme.UNEP (2014). Transport and Soil Pollution: Addressing the Challenge. United Nations Environment Programme.Бакирова К. Ш., Курманбаев А. А., Амирашева Л. К. Оценка нефтеокисляющей активности биопрепаратов серии «Бакойл-KZ» // Bulletin d'Eurotalent-FIDJIP. – 2013. – No. 1. – P. 24–26.Bakirova K. Sh., Kurmanbaev A. A., Amirasheva L. K. Otsenka nefteokislyayushchey aktivnosti biopreparatov serii «Bakoyl-KZ» (In. Russ.) // Bulletin d'Eurotalent-FIDJIP. – 2013. – No. 1. – P. 24–26.Казиева А. А., Мелякина Э. И. Сравнительная оценка различных доз биопрепарата для очистки нефтезагрязненных почв // Нефтегазовые технологии и экологическая безопасность. – 2014, № 2 (58). – С. 54–58Kazieva A. A., Melyakina E. I. Sravnitel'naya otsenka razlichnykh doz biopreparata dlya ochistki neftezagryaznennykh pochv // Neftegazovye tekhnologii i ekologicheskaya bezopasnost'. – 2014, No. 2 (58). – P. 54–58. (In. Russ)Есенаманова М. С. и др. Обезвреживание нефтезагрязненных почв биопрепаратами // Современные проблемы науки и образования. – 2016. № 6. – С. 511–511.Esenamanova M. S. i dr. Obezvrezhivanie neftezagryaznennykh pochv biopreparatami // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. – 2016. No. 6. – P. 511–511.Г.Өнерхан, Л.Скипин, Е.Баделгажы, Е.Жумай, Е.Сыздыков. Мұнай өнімдерімен ластанған топырақты биоремедиациялау // КазУТБ. – 2023. – Т. 4. – №. 21Өnerkhan, L.Skipin, E.Badelgazhy, E.Zhumay, E.Syzdykov. Mұnay өnіmderіmen lastanғan topyraқty bioremediatsiyalau // KazUTB. – 2023. – Vol. 4. – No.. 21. (In. Kaz.)Каренов Р. С., Бекишев К. Б. Биотехнология: ее роль и место в научно-техническом прогрессе // Bulletin of the Karaganda university Biology. Medicine. Geography series. – 2018. – Vol. 91. – No. 3. P. 53–57.Karenov R. S., Bekishev K. B. Biotekhnologiya: ee rol' i mesto v nauch– no-tekhnicheskom progresse (In Russ.) // Bulletin of the Karaganda university Biology. Medicine. Geography series. – 2018. – Vol. 91. – No. 3. P. 53–57.Патент KZ (13) B (11) 32292, МПК: C12N 1/20, B09C 1/10. Способ биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв. / Саданов А.К., Гаврилова Н.Н., Ратникова И.А., Айткельдиева С.А. - 9 с.: ил. Опубликовано 15.07.2014. Бюл. № 15Patent KZ (13) B (11) 32292, MPK: C12N 1/20, B09C 1/10. Sposob bioremediatsii neftezagryaznennykh pochv. / Sadanov A.K., Gavrilova N.N., Ratnikova I.A., Aytkel'dieva S.A. - 9 p.: il. Opublikovano 15.07.2014. Byul. No. 15. (In Russ.)Onerkhan G., Durmekbaeva Sh., Akhmetova N. Bioindication of water quality of Lake Zeran using micro seaweed // Polish journal of science. – 2019. – № 19, Vol.1. – P. 7– 11.Onerkhan G., Durmekbaeva Sh., Akhmetova N. Bioindication of water quality of Lake Zeran using micro seaweed // Polish journal of science. – 2019. – № 19, Vol.1. – P. 7– 11.Карасева, Э.В. Биоремедиация черноземной почвы, загрязненной нефтью. Э.В. Карасева, И.Е. Гирич, 2020.Karaseva, E.V. Bioremediatsiya chernozemnoy pochvy, zagryaznennoy neft'yu. E.V. Karaseva, I.E. Girich, 2020. (In. Russ.)Худокормов, А.А., Алешина, Н.Ю., Карасев, С.Г. // Биотехнология. – 2005. – № 2. – С. 67–72.Khudokormov, A.A., Aleshina, N.Yu., Karasev, S.G. // Biotekhnologiya. – 2005. – No. 2. – P. 67–72.Киреева, Н.А. Микробиологические процессы в нефтезагрязненных почвах. – Уфа: БашГУ, 1994. – 172 с.Kireeva, N.A. Mikrobiologicheskie protsessy v neftezagryaznennykh pochvakh. – Ufa: BashGU, 1994. – 172 p.Myers, R. Gravimetric analysis: A comprehensive guide // Journal of Analytical Chemistry. – 2002. – Vol. 74(2). – P. 115–123.Myers, R. Gravimetric analysis: A comprehensive guide // Journal of Analytical Chemistry. – 2002. – Vol. 74(2). – P. 115–123.Smith, K., & Abbott, W. Gas chromatography in environmental analysis // Environmental Science & Technology. – 2005. – Vol. 39(12). – P. 450–456.Smith, K., & Abbott, W. Gas chromatography in environmental analysis // Environmental Science & Technology. – 2005. – Vol. 39(12). – P. 450–456.Jones, B. Soil spectrophotometry: Theory and application // Soil Science Society of America Journal. – 1998. – Vol. 62(3). – P. 670–678.Jones, B. Soil spectrophotometry: Theory and application // Soil Science Society of America Journal. – 1998. – Vol. 62(3). – P. 670–678.Wang, X. Bioassays for assessing phytotoxicity in contaminated soils // Environmental Pollution. – 2014. – Vol. 189. – P. 208–214.Wang, X. Bioassays for assessing phytotoxicity in contaminated soils // Environmental Pollution. – 2014. – Vol. 189. – P. 208–214.Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2010). The Nature and Properties of Soils, 14th Edition. Prentice Hall.Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2010). The Nature and Properties of Soils, 14th Edition. Prentice Hall.Иванов, А. В., Петров, Б. Г. Эффективность биопрепаратов при очистке загрязненных нефтепродуктами почв // Журнал экологических исследований. – 2020Ivanov, A. V., Petrov, B. G. Effektivnost' biopreparatov pri ochistke zagryaznennykh nefteproduktami pochv // Zhurnal ekologicheskikh issledovaniy. – 2020. (In Russ.)Сидоров, В. Н., Сидорова, Л. В. Применение микробиологических методов для очистки почв // Экология и безопасность. – 2019.Sidorov, V. N., Sidorova, L. V. Primenenie mikro-biologicheskikh metodov dlya ochistki pochv // Ekologiya i bezopasnost'. – 2019. (In Russ.)Козлов, Е. А. Биоремедиация загрязненных почв: теория и практика // Биотехнологии и экология. – 2018.Kozlov, E. A. Bioremediatsiya zagryaznennykh pochv: teoriya i praktika // Biotekhnologii i ekologiya. – 2018. (In Russ.)Смирнова, Н. В., и др. Оптимизация условий биоремедиации почв // Вестник аграрной науки. – 2017.Smirnova, N. V., i dr. Optimizatsiya usloviy bioremediatsii pochv // Vestnik agrarnoy nauki. – 2017. (In Russ.)Петров, А. И., Иванова, Т. В. Методы и подходы к биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв // Журнал биологических исследований. – 2016.Petrov, A. I., Ivanova, T. V. Metody i podkhody k bioremediatsii neftezagryaznennykh pochv // Zhurnal biologicheskikh issledovaniy. – 2016. (In Russ.)Заболотских В.В., Васильев А.В., Танких С.Н. Экспресс-диагностика токсичности почв, загрязненных нефтепродуктами // Известия Самарского научного центра РАН. – 2012. – Т.14, № 1(3). –С. 734–738Zabolotskikh V.V., Vasil'ev A.V., Tankikh S.N. Eks– press-diagnostika toksichnosti pochv, zagryaznen-nykh nefteproduktami // Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN. – 2012. – Vol.14, No. 1(3). –P. 734–738. (In Russ)Smith D. R. et al. General chemistry of metals, sampling, analytical methods, and speciation. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. – Academic Press. – 2022. – P. 15– 54.Smith D. R. et al. General chemistry of metals, sampling, analytical methods, and speciation. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. – Academic Press. – 2022. – P. 15– 54.WHO.. Fluoride in Drinking Water. World Health Organization. – 2002.WHO.. Fluoride in Drinking Water. World Health Organization. – 2002.Alloway B. J. Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability. – 2013. – P. 11-50.Alloway B. J. Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability. – 2013. – P. 11-50.Guertin J. Toxicity and bioavailability of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2008. – Vol. 88(3). – P. 625–634.Guertin J. Toxicity and bioavailability of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2008. – Vol. 88(3). – P. 625–634.UNEP (2017). World Tourism Organization's Report on Tourism and Sustainability. United Nations Environment Programme.UNEP (2017). World Tourism Organization's Report on Tourism and Sustainability. United Nations Environment Programme.Cummings, C., & Lee, H. Impact of tourism on soil degradation // Journal of Environmental Science. – 2021. – Vol. 59(4). – P. 351–358.Cummings, C., & Lee, H. Impact of tourism on soil degradation // Journal of Environmental Science. – 2021. – Vol. 59(4). – P. 351–358.Zhang, X., & Lin, Z. Evaluation of tourist-induced soil pollution in coastal zones // Marine Pollution Bulletin. – 2016. – Vol. 113(1–2). – P. 356–362.Zhang, X., & Lin, Z. Evaluation of tourist-induced soil pollution in coastal zones // Marine Pollution Bulletin. – 2016. – Vol. 113(1–2). – P. 356–362.Liang, H., & Wang, Y. Climate change and tourism: Addressing the environmental costs of tourism activities // Tourism Management Perspectives. – 2020. – Vol. 34. – P. 100668.Liang, H., & Wang, Y. Climate change and tourism: Addressing the environmental costs of tourism activities // Tourism Management Perspectives. – 2020. – Vol. 34. – P. 100668.Nelson, A. E., & Brooks, T. Tourism impacts on soil health in high-altitude regions // Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. – 2019. – Vol. 191(7). – P. 434.Nelson, A. E., & Brooks, T. Tourism impacts on soil health in high-altitude regions // Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. – 2019. – Vol. 191(7). – P. 434.Bao, Q., & Yang, L. Environmental management of tourism in the context of climate change // Environmental Research Letters. – 2023. – Vol. 18(8). – P. 083001.Bao, Q., & Yang, L. Environmental management of tourism in the context of climate change // Environmental Research Letters. – 2023. – Vol. 18(8). – P. 083001.Cheng, F., & Liu, J. Soil pollution in ecologically sensitive regions: The role of tourism in soil contamination // Environmental Geochemistry and Health. – 2022. – Vol. 44(2). – P. 617–624.Cheng, F., & Liu, J. Soil pollution in ecologically sensitive regions: The role of tourism in soil contamination // Environmental Geochemistry and Health. – 2022. – Vol. 44(2). – P. 617–624.Yu, X., & Zhang, L. Sustainable tourism and soil pollution: A case study in China's coastal tourist cities // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. – 2018. – Vol. 25(4). – P. 1089–1096.Yu, X., & Zhang, L. Sustainable tourism and soil pollution: A case study in China's coastal tourist cities // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. – 2018. – Vol. 25(4). – P. 1089–1096.Thompson, L. P., & Perry, A. (2020). Measuring the impacts of tourism on urban soils // Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. – 2020. – Vol. 47. – P. 126502.Thompson, L. P., & Perry, A. (2020). Measuring the impacts of tourism on urban soils // Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. – 2020. – Vol. 47. – P. 126502.Zhang, S., & Wang, Z. Bioaccumulation of pollutants in soil: The effects of tourism on soil health // Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. – 2021. – Vol. 67(4). – P. 253–262.Zhang, S., & Wang, Z. Bioaccumulation of pollutants in soil: The effects of tourism on soil health // Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. – 2021. – Vol. 67(4). – P. 253–262.IAEA. Radioactivity and environmental protection // International Atomic Energy Agency Report. – 2009. – Vol. 109. – P. 23–30.IAEA. Radioactivity and environmental protection // International Atomic Energy Agency Report. – 2009. – Vol. 109. – P. 23–30.Lee, W., & Kim, J. A study of soil pollution from touristic transportation // Science of the Total Environment. – 2017. – Vol. 601–602. – P. 1736–1744.Lee, W., & Kim, J. A study of soil pollution from touristic transportation // Science of the Total Environment. – 2017. – Vol. 601–602. – P. 1736–1744.WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. World Health Organization. – 2004.WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. World Health Organization. – 2004. 48. Li, M., & Song, X. Influence of tourism on environmental pollution in urban regions // Environmental Pollution. – 2029. – Vol. 258, – P. 113596.Li, M., & Song, X. Influence of tourism on environmental pollution in urban regions // Environmental Pollution. – 2029. – Vol. 258, – P. 113596.Xie, S., & Zhu, L. Sustainable tourism practices and soil conservation // Environmental Management. – 2016. – Vol. 58(5). – P. 898–907.Xie, S., & Zhu, L. Sustainable tourism practices and soil conservation // Environmental Management. – 2016. – Vol. 58(5). – P. 898–907.Dong, X., & Xu, Y. Effects of human activities on soil health in tourism hotspots // Soil and Sediment Contamination. – 2018. – Vol. 27(5). – P. 452–463.Dong, X., & Xu, Y. Effects of human activities on soil health in tourism hotspots // Soil and Sediment Contamination. – 2018. – Vol. 27(5). – P. 452–463.Kassem, Z., & Wang, P. Assessing environmental impacts of tourism on soil properties // Tourism and Environment. – 2021. – Vol. 18(2). – P. 213–222.Kassem, Z., & Wang, P. Assessing environmental impacts of tourism on soil properties // Tourism and Environment. – 2021. – Vol. 18(2). – P. 213–222.Diedrich, A., & Lee, J. Eco-tourism and its contribution to soil conservation in developing regions // Environmental Science & Policy. – 2020. – Vol. 113. – P. 107–114.Diedrich, A., & Lee, J. Eco-tourism and its contribution to soil conservation in developing regions // Environmental Science & Policy. – 2020. – Vol. 113. – P. 107–114.Huang, Y., & Li, S. Agricultural land degradation caused by tourism-related activities // Soil Science Society of America Journal. – 2020. – Vol. 84(3). – P. 799–809.Huang, Y., & Li, S. Agricultural land degradation caused by tourism-related activities // Soil Science Society of America Journal. – 2020. – Vol. 84(3). – P. 799–809.Gonzalez, R., & Jimenez, J. Long-term environmental impacts of tourism on soil and water quality // Journal of Environmental Quality. – 2019. – Vol. 48(4). – P. 1171– 1180.Gonzalez, R., & Jimenez, J. Long-term environmental impacts of tourism on soil and water quality // Journal of Environmental Quality. – 2019. – Vol. 48(4). – P. 1171– 1180.Zhang, W., & Li, C. Impact of tourism on soil erosion in fragile ecosystems // Land Degradation & Development. – 2017. – Vol. 28(6). – P. 1882–1890.Zhang, W., & Li, C. Impact of tourism on soil erosion in fragile ecosystems // Land Degradation & Development. – 2017. – Vol. 28(6). – P. 1882–1890.Luedeling, E., & Liu, D. Tourism and land degradation: A global perspective // Global Environmental Change. – 2020. – Vol. 61. – P. 102036.Luedeling, E., & Liu, D. Tourism and land degradation: A global perspective // Global Environmental Change. – 2020. – Vol. 61. – P. 102036.Cardenas, M., & Fox, J. Soil erosion in tourist regions: Global trends and mitigation strategies // Land Use Policy. – 2021. – Vol. 106. – P. 104469.Cardenas, M., & Fox, J. Soil erosion in tourist regions: Global trends and mitigation strategies // Land Use Policy. – 2021. – Vol. 106. – P. 104469.Zhou, J., & Wu, F. Assessment of soil pollution in tourist destinations using the index of geoaccumulation // Science of the Total Environment. – 2022. – Vol. 821. – P. 153410.Zhou, J., & Wu, F. Assessment of soil pollution in tourist destinations using the index of geoaccumulation // Science of the Total Environment. – 2022. – Vol. 821. – P. 153410.Wang, S., & Zhang, H. Pollution control in tourism regions: A sustainable soil management approach // Sustainable Development. – 2021. – Vol. 29(1). – P. 98–108.Wang, S., & Zhang, H. Pollution control in tourism regions: A sustainable soil management approach // Sustainable Development. – 2021. – Vol. 29(1). – P. 98–108.Diaz, H., & Yang, P. Tourism's role in soil preservation and protection in ecologically sensitive areas // Ecological Applications. – 2019. – Vol. 29(2). – P. e02022.Diaz, H., & Yang, P. Tourism's role in soil preservation and protection in ecologically sensitive areas // Ecological Applications. – 2019. – Vol. 29(2). – P. e02022.Lin, X., & Zhang, Y. Sustainable practices in tourism for soil and water conservation // Environmental Sustainabi– lity. – 2021. – Vol. 9(4). – P. 539–547.Lin, X., & Zhang, Y. Sustainable practices in tourism for soil and water conservation // Environmental Sustainability. – 2021. – Vol. 9(4). – P. 539–547.G. Chen, L. Zhang. Quantifying the Environmental Impact of Tourism on Soil Health in Developing Regions // Geosciences. – 2020. – Vol. 10(5). – P. 169.G. Chen, L. Zhang. Quantifying the Environmental Impact of Tourism on Soil Health in Developing Regions // Geosciences. – 2020. – Vol. 10(5). – P. 169.Sandoval, S., & Torres, A. Tourism and environmental sustainability: The case of tourism on urban soils // Ecological Indicators. – 2020. – Vol. 112. – P. 106075.Sandoval, S., & Torres, A. Tourism and environmental sustainability: The case of tourism on urban soils // Ecological Indicators. – 2020. – Vol. 112. – P. 106075.Arora, D., & Sharma, S. The impact of tourism activities on soil properties: A field study // International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. – 2019. – Vol. 16(3). – P. 1217–1225.Arora, D., & Sharma, S. The impact of tourism activities on soil properties: A field study // International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. – 2019. – Vol. 16(3). – P. 1217–1225.Zhao, M., & Xu, L. Soil pollution caused by tourism activities in the Chinese Alps // Tourism Geographies. – 2017. – Vol. 19(4). – P. 590–604.Zhao, M., & Xu, L. Soil pollution caused by tourism activities in the Chinese Alps // Tourism Geographies. – 2017. – Vol. 19(4). – P. 590–604.Cooper, R., & Burke, M. Anthropogenic factors and soil degradation in tourism regions // Environmental Reviews. – 2019. – Vol. 27(2). – P. 265–276.Cooper, R., & Burke, M. Anthropogenic factors and soil degradation in tourism regions // Environmental Reviews. – 2019. – Vol. 27(2). – P. 265–276.R. Smith, W. Johnson, L. Chen. Tourism-induced soil degradation in rural areas // Environmental Research Letters. – 2022. – Vol. 17(3). – P. 084002.R. Smith, W. Johnson, L. Chen. Tourism-induced soil degradation in rural areas // Environmental Research Letters. – 2022. – Vol. 17(3). – P. 084002.Xu, X., & Zhou, Z. The impacts of tourism on soil properties and the environment in Mediterranean areas // Geosciences. – 2020. – Vol. 10(6). – P. 221.Xu, X., & Zhou, Z. The impacts of tourism on soil properties and the environment in Mediterranean areas // Geosciences. – 2020. – Vol. 10(6). – P. 221.E. Leung, A. Yang. Sustainability in tourism practices and its impact on soil conservation // International Journal of Tourism Research. – 2021. – Vol. 23(4). – P. 845–859.E. Leung, A. Yang. Sustainability in tourism practices and its impact on soil conservation // International Journal of Tourism Research. – 2021. – Vol. 23(4). – P. 845–859.E. Leung, A. Yang. Sustainability in tourism practices and its impact on soil conservation // International Journal of Tourism Research. – 2021. – Vol. 23(4). – P. 845–859.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.