nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2025-2-28-36nuc-797Research ArticleСтатьиОЦЕНКА НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ НА ЭМИССИЮ СО2 СВЕТЛО- И ТЕМНО-КАШТАНОВОЙ ПОЧВАМИ В ДЛИТЕЛЬНОМ ЛАБОРАТОРНОМ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION ON CO2 EMISSIONS FROM LIGHT AND DARK CHESTNUT SOILS IN A LONG-TERM LABORATORY EXPERIMENThttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-5868ПоливкинаЕ. Н.PolivkinaYe. N.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

polivkina@nnc.kzКорнилаевЕ. В.KornilaevE. V.

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Kurchatov

kornilaev@nnc.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-1568СысоеваЕ. С.SussoevaYe. S.

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Kurchatov

sussoeva@nnc.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-8696-3486МеньдубаевА. Т.MendubaevA. T.

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Kurchatov

mendubaev@nnc.kzМустафинаЕ. В.MustafinaYe. V.

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Kurchatov

mustafinaev@nnc.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-586XАйдархановА. О.AidarkhanovA. O.

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Kurchatov

asan@nnc.kzФилиал «Институт радиационной безопасности и экологии» РГП НЯЦКазахстанBranch “Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology” RSE NNC RKKazakhstan202514072025022836Copyright © Поливкина Е.Н., Корнилаев Е.В., Сысоева Е.С., Меньдубаев А.Т., Мустафина Е.В., Айдарханов А.О., 20252025Поливкина Е.Н., Корнилаев Е.В., Сысоева Е.С., Меньдубаев А.Т., Мустафина Е.В., Айдарханов А.О.Polivkina Y.N., Kornilaev E.V., Sussoeva Y.S., Mendubaev A.T., Mustafina Y.V., Aidarkhanov A.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/797

Проведен длительный лабораторный эксперимент для оценки направленности влияния химического загрязнения на эмиссию СО2 светло- и темно-каштановой почвами Казахстана. Химическое загрязнение почвенных образцов производили растворами солей нитрата калия (KNO3) и кристаллогидрата сульфата меди (II) (CuSO4·5Н2О) в дозе 1 и 5 ПДК. Для имитации растительного покрова использовали культуру люцерны (Medicаgo). Измерение эмиссии СО2 проводили закрытым динамическим камерным методом. Определенной закономерности влияния монозагрязнения нитратом калия (KNO3) и солью меди (CuSO4·5Н2О) при внесенной дозе 1 и 5 ПДК не установлено. Отмечено, что эмиссия СО2 с поверхности СК почвы при дозе нитратов 1 и 5 ПДК спустя месяц превышала контроль на 12%, через 6 месяцев – 6 и 7%, соответственно. Для образца ТК почвы увеличение эмиссии СО2 на 10% отмечено только при дозе нитратов 5 ПДК спустя 6 месяцев. При загрязнении медью в дозе 1 и 5 ПДК эмиссия СО2 с образца СК почвы через месяц увеличивалась на 11%, через 6 месяцев не отличалась от контроля. Для образца ТК почвы при дозе меди 1 ПДК отмечено увеличение эмиссии СО2 на 10% только спустя 6 месяцев, при дозе 5 ПДК – в среднем на 12% через 1 и 6 месяцев. Отсутствие публикаций, посвященных влиянию химического загрязнения на показатель эмиссии СО2 региональных почв Казахстана обусловливает актуальность проведения исследований в данной области для оценки и прогнозирования состояния почвенного покрова в антропогенных экосистемах, так как почвенный СО2 газообмен является важнейшей частью не только биогеохимического цикла углерода, но и отражает биологическую активность и здоровье почв.

In a long-term laboratory experiment, an assessment was made of the direction of the influence of chemical pollution on CO2 emissions from light and dark chestnut soils. Chemical contamination of soil samples was carried out with solutions of salts of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and copper (II) sulfate crystallohydrate (CuSO4×5H2O) at doses of 1 and 5 MPC. CO2 emissions were measured using a closed dynamic chamber method. It was found that artificial contamination with potassium nitrate and copper (II) sulfate increased the CO2 flux from the surface of the samples of LC and DC soils in the range from 6 to 12%. depending on the contamination dose, exposure time, and soil type. It was found that the light chestnut soil is more sensitive to nitrate contamination, and dark chestnut soil is more sensitive to copper contamination. In general, the study of CO2 emissions by regional soil types under conditions of chemical pollution requires a more detailed study to predict soil respiration in territories subject to anthropogenic pollution.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.