nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2025-4-65-78nuc-898Research ArticleСтатьиКОМПОЗИТНЫЕ МЕМБРАНЫ НА ОСНОВЕ MXene И НАНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ: СВОЙСТВА И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ В ОЧИСТКЕ ВОДЫCOMPOSITE MEMBRANES BASED ON MXene AND NANOCELLULOSE: PROPERTIES AND WATER PURIFICATION EFFICIENCYhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-1371-4378ТабынбаеваА. Т.TabynbayevaA. T.

Алматы

Almaty

aidana.tabynbaeva6@gmail.comСатаеваА. Р.SatayevaA. R.

Алматы

Almaty

АхметовН. А.AkhmetovN. A.

Туркестан

Turkestan

ТастамбекК. Т.TastambekK. T.

Алматы

Туркестан

Almaty

Turkestan

ТауановЖ. Т.TauanovZh. T.

Алматы

Туркестан

Almaty

Turkestan

«Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби»КазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan«Международный казахско-турецкий университет им. Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави»КазахстанKhoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish UniversityKazakhstan«Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби»; «Международный казахско-турецкий университет им. Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави»Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University202508122025046578Copyright © Табынбаева А.Т., Сатаева А.Р., Ахметов Н.А., Тастамбек К.Т., Тауанов Ж.Т., 20252025Табынбаева А.Т., Сатаева А.Р., Ахметов Н.А., Тастамбек К.Т., Тауанов Ж.Т.Tabynbayeva A.T., Satayeva A.R., Akhmetov N.A., Tastambek K.T., Tauanov Z.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/898

В настоящее время нехватка водных ресурсов и снижение их качества являются одной из важнейших экологических и социальных проблем. В результате промышленного производства, сельского хозяйства и бытовой деятельности реки, озера и подземные воды загрязняются тяжелыми металлами, органическими красителями, фармацевтическими остатками, микропластиком и патогенными микроорганизмами. Это приводит к разрушению экосистем, нанесению вреда биоте и увеличению риска для здоровья человека. Традиционные методы очистки воды – отстаивание, хлорирование, адсорбция, использование ионообменных смол – эффективны лишь частично и не способны полностью удалять загрязнители при сложном составе или высокой концентрации. В связи с этим мембранные технологии рассматриваются как перспективное направление, позволяющее эффективно разделять воду на молекулярном уровне, потреблять меньше энергии и обеспечивать экологическую безопасность. В последние годы особый интерес вызывают композитные мембраны на основе MXene и наноцеллюлозы. MXene – это двухмерные карбиды и нитриды, получаемые из фаз MAX, обладающие слоистой структурой, высокой электропроводностью, гидрофильностью и функциональными поверхностными группами, что повышает проводимость мембран и эффективность разделения ионов и адсорбции органических загрязнителей. Наноцеллюлоза является биологически разлагаемым наноматериалом, обеспечивающим механическую прочность, стабильность и биосовместимость мембраны, а также повышающим селективность и антифулинговые свойства.

Комбинация MXene и наноцеллюлозы демонстрирует синергетический эффект: наноцеллюлоза предотвращает агрегацию слоев MXene, а прочные межфазные взаимодействия защищают мембрану от дефектов. Это позволяет эффективно удалять соли, тяжелые металлы, органические красители, фармацевтические остатки и микропластик. Кроме того, слоистая структура композита и функциональные группы обеспечивают долгосрочную стабильность и высокую производительность.

В статье подробно рассматриваются свойства MXene и наноцеллюлозы, методы получения композитных мембран, их структурные характеристики и перспективы применения в очистке воды. Исследование демонстрирует потенциал новых поколений мембранных технологий как экологически безопасных, высокоэффективных и стабильных материалов, что имеет важное научное и практическое значение для эффективной очистки воды и долгосрочной стабильности систем.

The scarcity of water resources and the deterioration of water quality have become critical environmental and social challenges. Rivers, lakes, and groundwater are increasingly contaminated due to industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities, with pollutants including heavy metals, organic dyes, pharmaceutical residues, microplastics, and pathogenic microorganisms. Such contamination disrupts ecosystems, threatens biota, and poses risks to human health. Conventional water treatment methods, such as sedimentation, chlorination, adsorption, and ion-exchange resins, are often insufficient for the complete removal of complex or highly concentrated pollutants. Consequently, membrane-based technologies have emerged as a promising approach, offering molecular-level separation, low energy consumption, and environmentally safe operation.

Recently, composite membranes based on MXene and nanocellulose have attracted significant attention. MXenes, twodimensional carbides and nitrides derived from MAX phases, possess a layered structure, high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and functional surface groups, enhancing ion separation efficiency and adsorption of organic contaminants. Nanocellulose, a biodegradable nanomaterial, improves the mechanical strength, stability, and biocompatibility of membranes, while also increasing selectivity and antifouling performance.

The combination of MXene and nanocellulose exhibits a synergistic effect: nanocellulose prevents aggregation of MXene layers, and strong interfacial interactions protect membranes from defects. This synergy enables efficient removal of salts, heavy metals, organic dyes, pharmaceutical residues, and microplastics, while the layered structure and functional groups ensure long-term stability and high performance.

This review highlights the properties of MXene and nanocellulose, methods for fabricating composite membranes, their structural characteristics, and potential applications in water purification. The study underscores the potential of nextgeneration membrane technologies as environmentally safe, highly efficient, and durable solutions for sustainable water treatment, demonstrating both scientific significance and practical relevance. 

MXeneнаноцеллюлозаселективностькомпозитная мембранатяжелые металлыочистка водыMXenenanocelluloseselectivityheavy metalscomposite membranewater purificationЖұмыс Қазақстан Республикасы Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігінің Ғылым комитетінің, BR24992814 «Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысының тұрақты дамуы үшін инновациялық технологияларды дамыту және заманауи инфрақұрылым құру» қолдауымен орындалды.ReferencesAbdelhamid, H. N. Nanocellulose-based materials for water pollutant removal: A review // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2024. – Vol. 25(15). – P. 8529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158529Abdelhamid, H. N. Nanocellulose-based materials for water pollutant removal: A review // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2024. – Vol. 25(15). – P. 8529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158529Liu, Y., Liu, H., & Shen, Z. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.