nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2025-4-168-177nuc-945Research ArticleСтатьиО НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТАХ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С РАДИОАКТИВНЫМИ ОТХОДАМИ МАЛЫХ МОДУЛЬНЫХ РЕАКТОРОВ, УЧАСТВУЮЩИХ В ПРОГРАММЕ «FIRST»ABOUT SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF HANDLING WITH RADIOACTIVE WASTE FROM SMALL MODULAR REACTORS PARTICIPATING IN THE "FIRST" PROGRAMhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-8752БаклановВ. В.BaklanovV. V.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

baklanov@nnc.kzПоспеловВ. А.PospelovV. A.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

pospelov@nnc.kzСысалетинА. В.SyssaletinA. V.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-7831БаклановаЮ. Ю.BaklanovaYu. Yu.

Курчатов

Kurchatov

basalai@nnc.kzФилиал «Институт атомной энергии» РГП НЯЦ РККазахстанBranch “Institute of Atomic Energy” RSE NNC RKKazakhstanРГП «Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан»RSE “National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan”20250812202504168177Copyright © Бакланов В.В., Поспелов В.А., Сысалетин А.В., Бакланова Ю.Ю., 20252025Бакланов В.В., Поспелов В.А., Сысалетин А.В., Бакланова Ю.Ю.Baklanov V.V., Pospelov V.A., Syssaletin A.V., Baklanova Y.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/945

В настоящей статье приводится рассмотрение подходов к обращению с радиоактивными отходами, которые образуются в результате деятельности малых модульных реакторов. Данные подходы основываются на принципах МАГАТЭ, учитывают опыт опытной и коммерческой эксплуатации ядерных установок на базе малых модульных реакторов. В статье содержатся сравнительные аспекты по наработке РАО на различных типах ядерных установок и подходы по управлению данными РАО.

This article provides an examination of approaches to the management of radioactive waste generated by small modular reactors. These approaches are based on the IAEA principles and take into account the experience of pilot and commercial operation of nuclear installations based on small modular reactors. The article contains comparative aspects of the production of radioactive waste at various types of nuclear installations and approaches to managing radioactive waste data.

малые модульные реакторырадиоактивные отходыатомная энергетикаэлектрическая мощность реакторатипы радиоактивных отходовядерное топливоsmall modular reactorsradioactive wastenuclear powerreactor electric powertypes of radioactive wastenuclear fuelReferencesKazakhstan Will Need More Nuclear Plants, President Says In State Of Nation Address, David Dalton, 9 September 2025, https://www.nucnet.org/news/kazakhstan-will-need-more-nuclear-plants-president-saysin-state-of-nation-address-9-2-2025Kazakhstan Will Need More Nuclear Plants, President Says In State Of Nation Address, David Dalton, 9 September 2025, https://www.nucnet.org/news/kazakhstan-will-need-more-nuclear-plants-president-saysin-state-of-nation-address-9-2-2025Kazakhstan to Participate in FIRST Small Modular Reactor Program as Part of Cooperation with the US. https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/energo/press/news/details/401479Kazakhstan to Participate in FIRST Small Modular Reactor Program as Part of Cooperation with the US. https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/energo/press/news/details/401479Small Modular Reactor Technology Catalogue, 2024 Edition, A Supplement to the non-serial publication: Small Modular Reactors: Advances in Developments 2024, English IAEA/PAT/008. – 48 p. – 8 fig. https://doi.org/10.61092/iaea.3o4h-svumSmall Modular Reactor Technology Catalogue, 2024 Edition, A Supplement to the non-serial publication: Small Modular Reactors: Advances in Developments 2024, English IAEA/PAT/008. – 48 p. – 8 fig. https://doi.org/10.61092/iaea.3o4h-svumАdvances in small modular reactor technology developments // IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS). – 2020. – URL: http://aris.iaea.orgАdvances in small modular reactor technology developments // IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS). – 2020. – URL: http://aris.iaea.orgDepreciation of energy infrastructure in Kazakhstan: solution to the problem and international experience. – URL: https://dknews.kz/ru/ekonomika/359073-iznosenergeticheskoy-infrastruktury-v-kazahstaneDepreciation of energy infrastructure in Kazakhstan: solution to the problem and international experience. – URL: https://dknews.kz/ru/ekonomika/359073-iznosenergeticheskoy-infrastruktury-v-kazahstaneConducting technical and economic studies to justify the construction of nuclear power plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the Republican budget program 049 "Preparatory work for the development of nuclear energy" Inv. No. 142 dated 21.12.2009, Kurchatov, 204 p.Conducting technical and economic studies to justify the construction of nuclear power plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the Republican budget program 049 "Preparatory work for the development of nuclear energy" Inv. No. 142 dated 21.12.2009, Kurchatov, 204 p.Advanced Reactor Information System https://aris.iaea.orgAdvanced Reactor Information System https://aris.iaea.orgSmall Modular Reactors: A new nuclear energy paradigm, IAEA, https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/smr/Shared%20Documents/Small%20Modular%20Reactors%20a%20new%20nuclear%20energy%20paradigm.pdfSmall Modular Reactors: A new nuclear energy paradigm, IAEA, https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/smr/Shared%20Documents/Small%20Modular%20Reactors%20a%20new%20nuclear%20energy%20paradigm.pdfReactor installations for low-power nuclear power plants / V. V. Petrunin, JSC “Experimental Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering named after I. I. Afrikantov, Nizhny Novgorod // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2021. – Vol. 91, No. 6. – P. 528–540.Reactor installations for low-power nuclear power plants / V. V. Petrunin, JSC “Experimental Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering named after I. I. Afrikantov, Nizhny Novgorod // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2021. – Vol. 91, No. 6. – P. 528–540.10. Soloviev, S.L. What kind of small nuclear power plants do we need? / S.L. Soloviev; ROSENERGOATOM. – VNIIAES. – Obninsk, October 13, 2022.10. Soloviev, S.L. What kind of small nuclear power plants do we need? / S.L. Soloviev; ROSENERGOATOM. – VNIIAES. – Obninsk, October 13, 2022.Small modular reactors: problems and prospects / OECD: Development and economics of nuclear technologies. – NEA. – No. 7560. – 2020.Small modular reactors: problems and prospects / OECD: Development and economics of nuclear technologies. – NEA. – No. 7560. – 2020.CNNC's ACP100 SMR: Technique Features and Progress in China / XU Bin // 13th INPRO Dialogue Forum on Legal and Institutional Issues in the Global Deployment of Small Modular Reactors, 18-21 October 2016, IAEA Headquarters Vienna Austria.CNNC's ACP100 SMR: Technique Features and Progress in China / XU Bin // 13th INPRO Dialogue Forum on Legal and Institutional Issues in the Global Deployment of Small Modular Reactors, 18-21 October 2016, IAEA Headquarters Vienna Austria.Design and Technology Development of CAREM for Near-term deployment, and the Status of the construction of CAREM25 prototype / Darío F. Delmastro // Gerencia de Ingeniería – Gerencia de Área CAREM, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica First Meeting of the Technical Working Group for Small Modular Reactor (TWG-SMR). Vienna, April 2018.Design and Technology Development of CAREM for Near-term deployment, and the Status of the construction of CAREM25 prototype / Darío F. Delmastro // Gerencia de Ingeniería – Gerencia de Área CAREM, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica First Meeting of the Technical Working Group for Small Modular Reactor (TWG-SMR). Vienna, April 2018.Zuoyi Zhang, Zongxin Wu et al. Current status and technical description of 2×250 MWth demonstration plant // Nuclear Engineering and Design. – 2009. – Vol. 239. – P. 1212–1219.Zuoyi Zhang, Zongxin Wu et al. Current status and technical description of 2×250 MWth demonstration plant // Nuclear Engineering and Design. – 2009. – Vol. 239. – P. 1212–1219.«CAREM Prototype Construction and Licensing Status», H. Boado Magana, D. F. Delmastrob, M. Markiewiczb, E. Lopassob, F. Diez, M. Giménezb, A. Rauschertb, S. Halperta, M. Chocrónc, J.C. Dezzuttic, H. Pirani, C. Balbi, a Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Av. del Libertador 8250, (1429) Capital Federal, Argentina.«CAREM Prototype Construction and Licensing Status», H. Boado Magana, D. F. Delmastrob, M. Markiewiczb, E. Lopassob, F. Diez, M. Giménezb, A. Rauschertb, S. Halperta, M. Chocrónc, J.C. Dezzuttic, H. Pirani, C. Balbi, a Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Av. del Libertador 8250, (1429) Capital Federal, Argentina.Salah Ud-Din Khan, Zeyad Almutairi and Meshari Alanazi. Techno-Economic Assessment of Fuel Cycle Facility of System Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART) // Sustainability. – 2021. – Vol. 13(21). – Art. 11815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111815Salah Ud-Din Khan, Zeyad Almutairi and Meshari Alanazi. Techno-Economic Assessment of Fuel Cycle Facility of System Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART) // Sustainability. – 2021. – Vol. 13(21). – Art. 11815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111815«Techno-economic Assessment for Generation III+ Small Modular Reactor Deployments in the Pacific Northwest», Mark R. Weimar, Ali Zbib, Don Todd, PNNL; Jacopo Buongiorno, Koroush Shirvan, April 2021, Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0576RL01830, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354.«Techno-economic Assessment for Generation III+ Small Modular Reactor Deployments in the Pacific Northwest», Mark R. Weimar, Ali Zbib, Don Todd, PNNL; Jacopo Buongiorno, Koroush Shirvan, April 2021, Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0576RL01830, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99354.Nuclear maneuvers. https://rosatomnewsletter.com/ru/2020/09/28/nuclear-flexibility/Nuclear maneuvers. https://rosatomnewsletter.com/ru/2020/09/28/nuclear-flexibility/Syssaletin A.V., Baklanov V.V., Pospelov V.A. About Some Issues of Ensuring and Effectiveness Evaluation of Nuclear Security for Nuclear Power Plants Based on Small Modular Reactors // NNC RK Bulletin. – 2025. No. 3.– P. 176–182. https://doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2025-3-176-182Syssaletin A.V., Baklanov V.V., Pospelov V.A. About Some Issues of Ensuring and Effectiveness Evaluation of Nuclear Security for Nuclear Power Plants Based on Small Modular Reactors // NNC RK Bulletin. – 2025. No. 3.– P. 176–182. https://doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2025-3-176-182D. D. Desyatov, D. A. Terentyev, A. S. Fadeeva, A. A. Ekidin, M. D. Pyshkina. Specific indicators of solid radioactive waste formation at PWR and BWR nuclear power plants // Research trajectory – man, nature, technology. https://restrajectory.ru/4-7.pdfD. D. Desyatov, D. A. Terentyev, A. S. Fadeeva, A. A. Ekidin, M. D. Pyshkina. Specific indicators of solid radioactive waste formation at PWR and BWR nuclear power plants // Research trajectory – man, nature, technology. https://restrajectory.ru/4-7.pdfA. A. Ekidin, K. L. Antonov. Application of a Specific Indicator for Assessing the Volumes of Radioactive Waste Formation During Normal Operation of Russian Nuclear Power Plants // Radioactive Waste. – ISSN:2587-9707. – URL: https://radwaste-journal.ru/docs/journals/22/application_of_a_specifi_c_indicator_for_the_estimation_of_radioactive_wastes.pdfA. A. Ekidin, K. L. Antonov. Application of a Specific Indicator for Assessing the Volumes of Radioactive Waste Formation During Normal Operation of Russian Nuclear Power Plants // Radioactive Waste. – ISSN:2587-9707. – URL: https://radwaste-journal.ru/docs/journals/22/application_of_a_specifi_c_indicator_for_the_estimation_of_radioactive_wastes.pdfA. Syssaletin, E. Batyrbekov, Y. Baklanova, V. Yermakov, R. Nauryzbayev, N. Marks, R. Kips, A. Tompson, L. Dallas, A. Stratz. Advancing nuclear forensics competencies at the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan and conceptual development of a National Nuclear Forensics Library Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-025-10452-0A. Syssaletin, E. Batyrbekov, Y. Baklanova, V. Yermakov, R. Nauryzbayev, N. Marks, R. Kips, A. Tompson, L. Dallas, A. Stratz. Advancing nuclear forensics competencies at the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan and conceptual development of a National Nuclear Forensics Library Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-025-10452-0

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.