nucВестник НЯЦ РКNNC RK Bulletin1729-75161729-7885Национальный ядерный центр Республики Казахстан10.52676/1729-7885-2026-2-47-56nuc-994Research ArticleСтатьиБИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫЕ ГЕЛЬ-ПОЛИМЕРНЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТЫ ДЛЯ ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНЫХ СУПЕРКОНДЕНСАТОРОВ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫBIODEGRADABLE GEL-POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR SOLID-STATE SUPERCAPACITORS: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-4039ЕрсаиноваА. В.YersainovaA. V.

Алёна Викторовна Ерсаинова – инженер технологической лаборатории трековых мембран 

Алматы

Almaty

av_yersainova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-4828РакишеваС. Р.RakishevaS. R.

Сания Ренатовна Ракишева

Алматы; Астана

Almaty; Astana

saniya.rakisheva58@gmail.comЖумабаевА. М.ZhumabayevA. M.

Алишер Мадиевич Жумабаев 

Алматы; Астана

Almaty; Astana

a.zhumabayev@inp.kzЕсенгалиеваН. Б.EsengalievaN. B.

Алматы

Almaty

nb.yess04@gmail.comҚойшыбайқызыТ.KoishybaikyzyT.

Алматы; Астана

Almaty; Astana

МашенцеваА. А.MashentsevaA. A.

Алматы; Астана

Almaty; Astana

Институт ядерной физики Агентства Республики Казахстан по атомной энергииКазахстанThe Institute of Nuclear PhysicsKazakhstanИнститут ядерной физики Агентства Республики Казахстан по атомной энергии; Евразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н. ГумилеваКазахстанThe Institute of Nuclear Physics; L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityKazakhstan202609082026024756Copyright © Ерсаинова А.В., Ракишева С.Р., Жумабаев А.М., Есенгалиева Н.Б., Қойшыбайқызы Т., Машенцева А.А., 20262026Ерсаинова А.В., Ракишева С.Р., Жумабаев А.М., Есенгалиева Н.Б., Қойшыбайқызы Т., Машенцева А.А.Yersainova A.V., Rakisheva S.R., Zhumabayev A.M., Esengalieva N.B., Koishybaikyzy T., Mashentseva A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journals.nnc.kz/jour/article/view/994

Биоразлагаемые гель-полимерные электролиты (ГПЭ) являются перспективной альтернативой жидким электролитам и синтетическим сепараторам в твердотельных суперконденсаторах (ТСС) для носимой электроники, биомедицинских устройств и автономных сенсоров [1–3]. Они обеспечивают повышенную безопасность, предотвращают утечки электролита, повышают гибкость устройств и снижают экологическую нагрузку. В обзоре систематизированы современные подходы к созданию биоразлагаемых ГПЭ на основе хитозана, альгината, желатина, целлюлозы и её производных, крахмала, лигнина, полимолочной кислоты и других полимеров. Рассмотрены методы модификации (сшивка, функционализация, композитирование, введение нанонаполнителей) и механизмы ионного транспорта в гелевых матрицах. Особое внимание уделено влиянию электролита на ионную проводимость, эквивалентное последовательное сопротивление (ESR), рабочее напряжение и циклическую стабильность. Обсуждены основные ограничения биоразлагаемых ГПЭ и перспективы разработки “зелёных” твердотельных энергонакопительных устройств.

Biodegradable gel-polymer electrolytes (GPEs) represent a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes and synthetic separators in solid-state supercapacitors for wearable electronics, biomedical devices, and autonomous sensors. They offer enhanced safety, prevent electrolyte leakage, increase device flexibility, and reduce environmental impact. This review systematizes current approaches to the development of biodegradable GPEs based on chitosan, alginate, gelatin, cellulose and its derivatives, starch, lignin, polylactic acid, and other polymers. Methods of modification (crosslinking, functionalization, compositing, incorporation of nanofillers) and mechanisms of ion transport in gel matrices are considered. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the electrolyte on ionic conductivity, equivalent series resistance (ESR), operating voltage, and cyclic stability. The main limitations of biodegradable GPEs and prospects for the development of “green solid-state energy storage devices are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.