МЕХАНИКАЛЫҚ АКТИВАЦИЯЛАНҒАН Pd-Ti-Mg ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ҚҰРЫЛЫМДЫҚ-ФАЗАЛЫҚ КҮЙІН ЗЕРТТЕУ

Бұл жұмыста сутекті қатты күйде сақтауға арналған үміткер материал ретінде механикалық активтендірілген үштік Pd-Ti-Mg ұнтақтарының құрылымдық-фазалық күйі мен микроқұрылымы зерттелді. Бастапқы элементтік ұнтақтар аргон атмосферасында жоғарыэнергиялы планетарлық диірменде өңделді (Pulverisette 7, 500 айн/мин; BPR=10:1). Рентгенфазалық талдау (CuKα) fcc-Pd (Fm-3m, a=3.887 Å), α-Ti (hcp, P63/mmc, a=2.950 Å, c=4.681 Å), метатұрақты fcc-Ti (Fm-3m, a=4.060 Å) және аз мөлшердегі hcp-Mg (P6₃/mmc, a=3.209 Å, c=5.211 Å) фазаларын көрсетті; көлемде айқын интерметаллидтік шыңдар байқалмады. Лазерлік дифракция бөлшек өлшемдерінің мультимодальды таралуын анықтады: D10≈5 мкм, D50≈20 мкм, D90≈50 мкм (span≈2.25), <5 мкм майда мода және 300-600 мкм ірі «құйрық» (Mg-ге тән). SEM–EDS карталау мозаикалық микроструктураны айқындады: Pd-ға бай изометриялық домендер (≈10-60 мкм), Ti-ға бай жапырақша-пластиналы фрагменттер (≈20-80 мкм), интерфейстерде Pd-Ti колокализациясы (Pd-Ti интерметаллидтерінің алдындағы реакцияға дейінгі күй) және негізінен түйір аралық аймақтарда дисперсті Mg. Жиынтық деректер механикалық активтендіру нәтижесінде диффузиялық жолдардың қысқаратынын және жоғарыэнергиялы шекаралар үлесінің артатынын көрсетеді, бұл (де)сутектену кинетикасын жеделдетуге қолайлы, әрі көлемдік интерметаллидтердің ерте түзілуін болдырмайды. Процестік параметрлерді дәл баптау Pd↔Ti интерфейстік реакцияларын күшейтіп, Mg-дің сегрегациясы мен тотығуын шектей отырып, сыйымдылық-кинетикалық сипаттамаларды және циклдік тұрақтылықты оңтайландыруға мүмкіндік береді.

1. Mekonnin A. S. et al. Hydrogen storage technology, and its challenges: a review //Catalysts. – 2025. – Vol. 15. – No. 3. – P. 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15030260

2. Xu Y. et al. Engineering LiBH4-Based Materials for Advanced Hydrogen Storage: A Critical Review of Catalysis, Nanoconfinement, and Composite Design //Molecules. – 2024. – Vol. 29. – No. 23. – P. 5774. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235774

3. Giza K. et al. Hydrogen Materials and Technologies in the Aspect of Utilization in the Polish Energy Sector //Applied Sciences. – 2024. – Vol. 14. – No. 21. – P. 10024. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142110024

4. Yang X. et al. Hydrogen storage performance of Mg/MgH2 and its improvement measures: research progress and trends //Materials. – 2023. – Vol. 16. – No. 4. – P. 1587. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041587

5. Jung, Hwaebong, Sungmee Cho, and Wooyoung Lee. Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of Pd/Ti/Mg/Ti multilayer films using the catalytic effects of Pd //Applied Physics Letters. – 2015. – Vol. 106.19.

6. Dębski A. et al. Mechanical synthesis and calorimetric studies of the enthalpies of formation of chosen Mg-Pd alloys //Molecules. – 2024. – Vol. 29. – No. 23. – P. 5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235734

7. Nivedhitha K. S. et al. Enhancing hydrogen storage capacity: MWCNT-infused Mg–Ti alloy synthesized via mechanical alloying //International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2024. – Vol. 67. – P. 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.04.135

8. Altaf M., Demirci U. B., Haldar A. K. Review of solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials categorisation, recent developments, challenges and industrial perspectives //Energy Reports. – 2025. – Vol. 13. – P. 5746–5772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.05.034

9. Zhang Y. et al. A review on advances, strategies, and future perspectives of solid-state hydrogen storage materials //Sustainable Chemistry for Energy Materials. – 2025. – P. 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scenem.2025.100014

10. Chen G. et al. Review of Hydrogen Storage in Solid-State Materials //Energies. – 2025. – Vol. 18. – No. 11. – P. 2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112930

11. Kalibek M. R. et al. Solid-state hydrogen storage materials //Discover Nano. – 2024. – Vol. 19. – No. 1. – P. 195. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-024-04137-y

12. Xu Y. et al. Magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys: advances, strategies, and future outlook for clean energy applications //Molecules. – 2024. – Vol. 29. – No. 11. – P. 2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112525

13. Guan S. et al. Progress and perspectives on hydrogen storage and release in negative hydrogen medium //Energy & Environmental Science. – 2025. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EE04149J

14. Alasali F. et al. A review of hydrogen production and storage materials for efficient integrated hydrogen energy systems //Energy Science & Engineering. – 2024. – Vol. 12. – No. 5. – P. 1934–1968. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1723

15. Alkhabet M. M. et al. Palladium (Pd) coated fiber optic hydrogen sensors: A review //Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. – 2025. – Vol. 188. – P. 109204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.109204

16. Bannenberg L. J. et al. Palladium-PTFE Metal–Polymer Nanocomposite Film Produced by Cosputtering for Hydrogen Sensing Applications //ACS Applied Energy Materials. – 2025. – Vol. 8. – No. 9. – P. 5664–5674. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c03202

17. Fovanna T. et al. Preparation, quantification, and reaction of Pd hydrides on Pd/Al2O3 in liquid environment //Acs Catalysis. – 2023. – Vol. 13. – No. 5. – P. 3323-3332. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c04791

18. Setayandeh S. S., Webb C. J., Gray E. M. A. Electron and phonon band structures of palladium and palladium hydride: a review //Progress in Solid State Chemistry. – 2020. – Vol. 60. – P. 100285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2020.100285

19. Camuti L. et al. Phase‐Stable Palladium Hydride Derived from PdCoO2 for Sustainable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction //Advanced Functional Materials. – 2025. – P. e14366. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202514366

20. Liu C. et al. Review on improved hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 by adding new catalyst //Journal of Energy Storage. – 2024. – Vol. 97. – P. 112786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112786

21. Jangir M., Jain I. P., Mirabile Gattia D. Effect of Ti-based additives on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2: a review //Hydrogen. – 2023. – Vol. 4. – No. 3. – P. 523-541. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4030034

22. Sun Z. et al. Enhancing hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 by transition metals and carbon materials: A brief review //Frontiers in Chemistry. – 2020. – Vol. 8. – P. 552. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00552

23. Xu Y. et al. Ball milling innovations advance Mg-based hydrogen storage materials towards practical applications //Materials. – 2024. – Vol. 17. – No. 11. – P. 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112510

24. Lobo N., Klimkowicz A., Takasaki A. Effect of TiO2+ Nb2O5+ TiH2 Catalysts on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Magnesium Hydride //MRS Advances. – 2020. – Vol. 5. – No. 20. – P. 1059–1069. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.29

25. Wu Z. et al. The Improvement in Hydrogen Storage Performance of MgH2 Enabled by Multilayer Ti3C2 //Micromachines. – 2021. – Vol. 12(10). – P. 1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12101190

26. Yang M. et al. Incorporating in-situ formed Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies to TiO2 via Ni loading for superior hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride //International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2025. – Vol. 169. – P. 151158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151158

27. Bu F. et al. Synergistic effect of multivalent Ti, Zr, and oxygen vacancies to significantly enhance the hydrogen sorption properties of MgH2 //Journal of Materials Chemistry A. – 2025. – Vol. 13. – No. 21. – P. 16102–16111. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TA01302J

28. Luo W. et al. Multivalent Ti/Nb catalysts with oxygen vacancies: Bridging electron transfer pathways to enhance MgH2 hydrogen desorption property //Journal of Alloys and Compounds. – 2025. – P. 181070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.181070

29. Sun H. et al. Hydrogen storage properties of TiFe-based composite with Ni addition //Heliyon. – 2024. – Vol. 10. – No. 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41022

30. Czujko T., Oleszek E. E., Szot M. New aspects of MgH2 morphological and structural changes during high-energy ball milling //Materials. – 2020. – Vol. 13. – No. 20. – P. 4550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204550

31. Polanski M., Bystrzycki J., Plocinski T. The effect of milling conditions on microstructure and hydrogen absorption/desorption properties of magnesium hydride (MgH2) without and with Cr2O3 nanoparticles //International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. – 2008. – Vol. 33. – No. 7. – P. 1859–1867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.01.043

32. Liu Y., Chabane D., Elkedim O. Intermetallic compounds synthesized by mechanical alloying for solid-state hydrogen storage: a review //Energies. – 2021. – Vol. 14. – P. 5758. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185758

33. Hwang K. et al. Enhanced initial hydrogenation of TiFe-based hydrogen storage alloys containing C //Journal of Alloys and Compounds. – 2025. – P. 183716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.183716