DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING A BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER

An important technological solution for plastic pollution is the replacement of traditional biodegradable polymers, biodegradable polymer materials with physico-mechanical properties that cause environmental pollution. An urgent problem is the search for ways to reduce the self-decomposition of biopolymers and waste, as well as to reduce the cost of such materials, including the use for these purposes of substances that can be analogues of biodegradable polymers. The research work is aimed at obtaining a biodegradable biopolymer based on starch raw materials in the presence of various organic acids (citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid) and plasticizers (glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol, nanomaterial). An effective material was selected from the products obtained from various acids and plasticizers. Measures to improve the technology of bioplastics production are considered. A durable and economical biopolymer capable of processing and biodegrading biological waste, including starch-containing garbage, has been obtained. The resulting products have successfully passed all physico-chemical tests and are ready for mass production. A scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis with IR spectroscopy were used to study the physicochemical parameters of the obtained biopolymers.

1. Lim X. Microplastics are everywhere – but are they harmful? // Nature 593, 22–25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01143-3

2. Liu T., Chen H., Zhou Y., Awasthi S.K., Qin S., Liu H., Zhang Z., Pandey A., Varjani S., Awasthi M.K. // Composting as a sustainable technology for integrated municipal solid waste management, Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals, Elsevier, 2022, P. 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-88511-9.00002-1

3. Machado, C.R., Hettiarachchi, H. (2020). Composting as a Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategy: Lessons Learned from Cajicá, Colombia. In: Hettiarachchi, H., Caucci, S., Schwärzel, K. (eds) Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_2

4. Felix H. Otey, Richard P. Westhoff, Biodegradable Films from Starch and Ethylene-Acrylic Acid Copolymer // American Chemical Society, Chicago, 1977. – No. IIIA. – P. 305–308.

5. S.A. Apostolov, pod obshch. red. prof., d.t.n. Yu.V. Pokonovoy i prof., V.I. Strakhova. Novyy spravochnik khimika i tekhnologa. V 2 ch. Ch. II: Syr'e i produkty promyshlennosti organicheskikh i neorganicheskikh veshchestv/ – SPb.: Professional, 2007. – 1142 p.

6. R.K. Salar S.K. Gahlawat P. Siwach J.S. Duha. Biotechnology: Prospects and Applications // Starch: Its Functional, In Vitro Digestibility, Modification and Applications. P. 39–53.

7. Obshchaya khimiya. Uchebnik / Pod red. Dunaeva S.F.. – Moscow: Academia, 2017. – 160 p.

8. Obshchaya i neorganicheskaya khimiya: uchebnoe posobie / Pod red. Denisova V.V., Talanova V.M.. – Rn/D: Feniks, 2018. – 144 p.

9. Alikina, I.B. Obshchaya i neorganicheskaya khimiya. Laboratornyy praktikum : Uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov / I.B. Alikina, S.S. Babkina, L.N. Belova i dr. – Lyubertsy: Yurayt, 2016. – 477 p.

10. Babkov, A.V. Obshchaya, neorganicheskaya i organicheskaya khimiya / A.V. Babkov. – Moscow: MIA, 2016. – 568 p.

11. Volkov, A. Khimiya: obshchaya, neorganicheskaya i organicheskaya. Polnyy kurs podgotovki k EGE: 2150 testovykh zadaniy s resheniyami / A. Volkov. – M.: Omega-L, 2017. – 304 p.

12. Garshin, A, P. Obshchaya i neorganicheskaya khimiya v skhemakh, risunkakh, tablitsakh, khimicheskikh reaktsiyakh: Uchebnoe posobie / AP Garshin. – SPb.: Piter, 2018. – 128 p.

13. Glinka, N.L. Obshchaya khimiya (dlya spo) / N.L. Glinka. – Moscow: KnoRus, 2019. – 360 p.