КАПСУЛИРОВАНИЕ СЕМЯН МАСЛИЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР КАК БЕЗОПАСНАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ

Одной из актуальных проблем аграрной промышленности Казахстана является низкая урожайность масличных культур в зависимости от различных факторов. Основная причина – это подверженность семян масличных культур к различным фитопатогенам и вредителям. Болезни развиваются практически в течение всего вегетационного периода, начиная с момента прорастания семян. Во избежание массового заражения используется большое количество фунгицидов, что требует дополнительных финансовых расходов и, с другой стороны, ухудшает экологическое состояние окружающей среды, а также противоречит принципам органического земледелия. В связи с этим, особое внимание исследователей привлекает разработка новых технологий предпосевной обработки семян сельского хозяйства, обеспечивающих: повышение посевных качеств семян, стимулирование физиолого-биохимических процессов роста и развития проростков, снижение расхода посевного материала и повышение устойчивости проростков к патогенным микроорганизмам. Капсулирование или дражирование семян решает проблему их заболеваемости и гибели при неблагоприятных почвенно-климатических и экстремальных условиях возделывания. Особую актуальность имеют задачи инсектицидной и фунгицидной активности капсулирования, решение которых позволило бы повысить урожайность культур путем включения в его состав веществ, необходимых для активного роста растений (регуляторы роста, микроэлементы, препараты против грибковых болезней). Отмечается дороговизна составляющих компонентов полимерных оболочек, и соответственно актуальной проблемой является изыскание методов их удешевления.

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