ANALYSIS OF RADIOECOLOGICAL MONITORING CONCEPTS IN AREAS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY FACILITIES

This article presents an analysis of international documents on the justification of monitoring systems in areas where nuclear facilities are located. The main international organization that regulates radiation safety, including requirements for the organization of radiation control and monitoring of radioactive contamination of the environment, is the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The IAEA Statute authorizes the Agency to establish safety standards to protect health and minimize the consequences to life and property of activities involving the use of radiation technologies. The IAEA safety standards must be used in its own work, and IAEA member states can apply them by incorporating them into their nuclear and radiation safety regulations. Regularly reviewed IAEA safety standards are a key element of the global regime for the protection of people and the environment.

1. Fundamental Safety Principles, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SF1, IAEA, Vienna (2006).

2. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, IAEA, Vienna (2014).

3. Environmental and Source Monitoring for Purposes of Radiation Protection, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. RSG1.8, IAEA, Vienna (2005).

4. Programmes and Systems for Source and Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Safety Reports Series No. 64, IAEA, Vienna (2010).

5. Guidelines on Soil and Vegetation Sampling for Radiological Monitoring, Technical Reports Series No. 486, IAEA, Vienna (2019)

6. Soil quality Sampling Part 101: Framework for the preparation and application of a sampling plan, ISO 18400101:2017, Switzerland (2017).

7. Soil quality Sampling Part 102: Selection and application of sampling techniques, ISO 18400102:2017, Switzerland (2017).

8. Soil quality Sampling Part 203: Investigation of potentially contaminated sites, ISO/DIS 18400203, Switzerland (Under development).

9. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, ISO/IEC 17025, Switzerland (2005).

10. Sampling for radionuclides in the environment, Report 75. Oxford University Press. Journal of the ICRU, 6(1) (2006).

11. Radiation Monitoring for Protection of the Public after Major Releases of Radionuclides to the Environment. ICRU Report 92. Oxford University Press. Journal of the ICRU, 15(12) (2015).

12. Mukusheva M.K., Spiridonov S.I., Mikailova R.A., Toporova A.V. Comparative analysis of software tools to predict the radioecological consequences after routine and accidental emmisions by NPP for the population // NNC RK Bulletin. – 2024. Vol. 1. – P. 89–95. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2024-1-89-95

13. Ibrahim, S. A., Schierman, M. J. and Whicker, F.W., Comparative distribution of 241Am and 239,240Pu in soils around the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site// Health Phys. – 1996. – Vol. 70. – P. 520–526.

14. Generic models for use in assessing the impact of discharges of radioactive substances to the environment. // Safety Report Series, No. 19. IAEA, Vienna, 2001. –213 p.

15. Ekidin A.A., Zhukovckiy M.B., Bacyanovich M.E. Identifikatsiya osnovnykh dozoobrazuyushchikh nuklidov v vybrosakh AES // Atomnaya energiya. – 2016. – Vol. 120, Issue 2. – C. 106–108. (In Russ.)

16. SanPin 2.6.1.24-03. Sanitarnye pravila proektirovaniya i ekspluatatsii atomnykh stantsiy (SP AS-03) (utv. Glavnym gosudarstvennym sanitarnym vrachom RF 22.04.2003 g.; vvedeny v deystvie s 20.06.2003 g. postanovleniem Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha RF ot 28.04.2003 g. No. 69). – Moscow.: Minzdrav RF, 2003. – 36 p. (In Russ.)

17. Vasyanovich M.E. et al. Determination of radionuclide composition of the Russian NPPs atmospheric releases and dose assessment to population // Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. – 2019. – Vol. 208–209. – P. 106006.

18. Fesenko S.V. Uroki radioekologicheskogo monitoringa v rayone raspolozheniya atomnykh elektrostantsiy//Monitoring prirodnykh i agrarnykh ekosistem v rayonakh raspolozheniya atomnykh elektrostantsiy: Trudy FGBNU VNIIRAE. Issue 3 / Pod red. prof. S.V. Fesenko. – Obninsk: FGBNU VNIIRAE, 2020. – P. 158–167. (In Russ.)

19. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva ot 7 iyunya 2023 goda No. 454 “O podpisanii Soglasheniya o Vzaimodeystvii gosudarstv-uchastnikov sodruzhestva nezavisimykh gosudarstv pri obmene dannymi monitoringa radiatsionnoy obstanovki”. (In Russ.)