ANALYSIS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the problem of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel management in the context of NPP construction in Kazakhstan. It emphasizes the absence of a comprehensive waste management strategy in the country, despite international agreements. The article reviews the methods of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel management at operating NPPs, including emission cleanup, waste treatment and fuel storage. Traditional and innovative technologies, such as spent nuclear fuel reprocessing and various storage options, are analyzed.

1. Obzor yadernykh tekhnologiy - 2024. Doklad general'nogo direktora MAGATE / Avstriya: sentyabr' 2024. – 112 p. / GC(68)/INF/4.

2. Zakon RK “Ob ispol'zovanii atomnoy energii” ot 12.01.2016 goda No. 442-V ZRK.

3. Tekhnicheskiy reglament “Yadernaya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost' atomnykh stantsiy”: utv. prikazom Ministra energetiki RK ot 20 fevralya 2017 goda No. 60.

4. Pravila organizatsii sbora, khraneniya i zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov i otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva: utv. prikazom Ministra energetiki RK ot 8 fevralya 2016 goda No. 39.

5. Pravila gosudarstvennogo ucheta yadernykh materialov: utv. prikazom Ministra energetiki RK ot 9 fevralya 2016 goda No. 44.

6. Normativy na radioaktivnye otkhody: utv. prikazom Ministra energetiki RK ot 16 iyunya 2021 goda No. 200.

7. Zakon RK “O ratifikatsii Konventsii o yadernoy bezopasnosti” ot 03 fevralya 2010 goda No. 245-IV.

8. Zakon “O ratifikatsii Ob"edinennoy konventsii o bezopasnosti obrashcheniya s otrabotavshim toplivom i o bezopasnosti obrashcheniya s radioaktivnymi otkhodami” ot 3 fevralya 2010 goda No. 246-IV.

9. Tekhnologicheskie i organizatsionnye aspekty obrashcheniya s radioaktivnymi otkhodami / MAGATE, Vienna, 2005/ IAEA-TCS-27.

10. International Atomic Energy Agency, Design and Operation of Off-gas Cleaning and Ventilation Systems in Facilities Handling Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Material // Technical Reports Series. No. 292, IAEA, Vienna (1988).

11. Khvostova M.S. Obrashchenie s radioaktivnymi otkhodami na predpriyatiyakh atomnoy otrasli // Vestnik RUDN. Seriya “Ekologiya i bezopasnost' zhiznedeyatel'nosti”. – 2013. – No. 1.

12. Bekman I.N. Yadernaya industriya. Predotvrashchenie zagryazneniya okruzhayushchey sredy vybrosami AES // Kurs lektsiy. – 25 p. https://profbeckman.narod.ru/NIL17.pdf

13. Gerliga V.A. Ochistka vodnykh rastvorov ot soley i radionuklidov / V.A. Gerliga, V.P. Kravchenko, I.A. Prityka, Ganem Khussam // Yaderna ta radіatsіyna bezpeka. – 2018. – No. 1(77). – ISSN 2073-6231

14. Ekspluatatsiya AES. Ch. 1 Rabota AES v energosistemakh. Ch. II. Obrashchenie s radioaktivnymi otkhodami: // Uchebnoe posobie. – Moscow: NIYaU MIFI. – 2011. http://engineeringsystems.ru/expluataciya-aes/

15. Normy bezopasnosti MAGATE / Proektirovanie sistem obrashcheniya s toplivom i ego khraneniya na AES / No. SSG-63.

16. Obzor zarubezhnykh praktik obrashcheniya s OYaT i RAO. – Moscow: Izd-vo FGUP “Natsional'nyy operator po obrashcheniyu s radioaktivnymi otkhodami”. – 2022. https://www.norao.ru/upload/Свод%20обзора%20практик%20ОЯТ%20и%20РАО_2022.pdf

17. Obrashchenie s RAO i OYaT na predpriyatiyakh YaTTs // Yadernaya opasnost'. – Moscow: Epitsentr. – 2003.

18. Andreev G.G. / Vvedenie v khimicheskuyu tekhnologiyu yadernogo topliva: uchebnoe posobie / G.G. Andreev, A.N. D'yachenko; Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy universitet. – Tomsk: Izd-vo Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. – 2010. – 165 p.

19. Tsebakovskaya N. S. Zarubezhnye proekty zakhoroneniya OYaT i RAO. Chast' II. Aktual'noe sostoyanie proektov sozdaniya punktov glubinnogo geologicheskogo zakhoroneniya v SShA, Kanade i stranakh aziatskogo regiona / N.S. Tsebakovskaya, Utkin S. S., Konovalov V. Yu.; – Preprint IBRAE No. IBRAE-2017-04 – Moscow: IBRAE RAN. – 2017. – 41 p.