THE ROLE AND POTENTIAL OF SMALL MODULAR REACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN ENERGY SYSTEM

The development of nuclear energy is a strategic objective for ensuring energy security and supporting sustainable economic development in Kazakhstan. This goal was clearly outlined in the address of the President of Kazakhstan dated September 8, 2025, “Kazakhstan in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Current Challenges and Their Solutions through Digital Transformation.”

Given the availability of a resource base, nuclear fuel cycle production facilities, and the stated goal of achieving carbon neutrality, Kazakhstan has begun implementing a nuclear energy development program.

Kazakhstan's energy system consists of three zones – Northern, Southern, and Western. The Western zone operates separately from the Unified Energy System (UES) of Kazakhstan. An analysis of the energy balance of the Western zone demonstrates the feasibility of using power units with a capacity of up to 300 MW, which will ensure uninterrupted power supply to the region and the stability of the energy system.

This article examines the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing nuclear power plant (NPP) construction and operation projects in Kazakhstan using small modular reactors (SMRs) as an example in the Western Zone of the country's power grid.

The paper analyzes the state of the Western Zone's power supply, develops power and electricity balances, power distribution scheme options, performs electrical calculations, develops principles for relay protection and emergency automation, and organizes dispatch and process control systems. The scope of grid construction and estimated capital investment are determined.

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