LIQUID RADIOACTIVE WASTE, PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING METHODS. PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

The article provides an overview of modern approaches to the management of liquid radioactive waste (LRW), their basic properties, classification, chemical and radionuclide composition are considered. The main problems of LRW processing related to the diversity of their composition, high salinity, the presence of organic impurities and the need for selective extraction of radionuclides have been analyzed. The existing technologies for the LRW treatment and conditioning have been analyzed, the international experience in the processing of liquid radioactive waste has been reviewed, and an assessment of the current state of LRW management in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been given. Special attention is paid to the issues of minimizing the volume of the generated waste, the introduction of technologies for deep treatment and radionuclide immobilization, and the analysis of the basic requirements for the composition, structure and physicomechanical properties of matrices used for conditioning radioactive waste.

The expediency of developing specialized regional LRW processing facilities and introducing a unified public management system in this area has been substantiated. It has been concluded that the integrated use of contemporary recycling technologies is necessary to reduce environmental risks, improve the safety of radioactive waste management and comply with international requirements.

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