ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ РАДИОНУКЛИДОВ В ПОЧВАХ СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКОГО ИСПЫТАТЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛИГОНА

В статье рассмотрен характер вертикального распределения основных долгоживущих техногенных радионуклидов ¹³⁷Cs, ²⁴¹Am, ⁹⁰Sr и ^239+240Pu в почвах Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Рассмотрены участки с различным характером радионуклидного загрязнения – места проведения наземных испытаний ядерного и термоядерного оружия на испытательной площадке «Опытное поле», радиоактивные выпадения в виде следов в пределах территории Семипалатинского испытательного полигона, участки испытания боевых радиоактивных веществ, расположенные на испытательной площадке «4А», участки луговых экосистем, сопряженных с радиоактивно-загрязненными водотоками из испытательных штолен испытательной площадки «Дегелен», условно «фоновые» территории полигона, непосредственно на которых испытаний ядерного и термоядерного оружия не проводилось. В ходе исследований выявлены различия в характере распределения исследуемых радионуклидов по глубине в почвах указанных участков. Различия обусловлены характером образования радионуклидного загрязнения и наличием абиотических и биотических факторов, таких, как, физико-химические свойства почв, режим увлажнения, деятельность человека, и др.. На основании полученных данных разработаны рекомендации, направленные на оптимизацию исследований вертикального распределения радионуклидов в почвенном покрове бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. В частности, установлено, что при проведении таких исследований достаточно классифицировать почву до типа почвы и ограничить исследования до глубины 30 см.

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