ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ ПРЕСНОЙ ВОДЫ МИКРОПЛАСТИКОМ: ИСТОЧНИКИ, ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ И СТРАТЕГИИ СМЯГЧЕНИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Повсеместное присутствие микропластика в пресноводных экосистемах стало серьезной экологической проблемой, имеющей далеко идущие последствия как для водной жизни, так и для благополучия человека. В этом комплексном обзоре исследуется многогранная проблема загрязнения пресной воды микропластиком, углубляясь в его разнообразные источники, механизмы переноса, воздействие на окружающую среду, методы обнаружения и стратегии смягчения последствий. Экологические воздействия загрязнения микропластиком многочисленны и разнообразны, затрагивая водные организмы, пищевые сети и биоразнообразие в целом. Кроме того, загрязнение микропластиком вызывает опасения для здоровья человека из-за потенциальных рисков, связанных с потреблением загрязненных ресурсов пресной воды.

Обзор также выделяет факторы окружающей среды, влияющие на численность и распространение микропластика в пресноводных экосистемах, такие как гидрологические условия, антропогенная деятельность и биологические взаимодействия. Рассматриваются пути транспортировки и судьба микропластика, включая седиментацию, адсорбцию и биоаккумуляцию. В заключение статьи подчеркивается острая необходимость глобальной осведомленности, исследований и скоординированных действий для решения критической проблемы загрязнения пресной воды микропластиком. 

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