MXene ЖӘНЕ НАНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗА НЕГІЗІНДЕГІ КОМПОЗИТТІ МЕМБРАНАЛАР: ҚАСИЕТТЕРІ ЖӘНЕ СУДЫ ТАЗАЛАУДАҒЫ ТИІМДІЛІГІ

Қазіргі таңда су ресурстарының тапшылығы мен сапасының төмендеуі экологиялық және әлеуметтік маңызды мәселе болып отыр. Өнеркәсіптік өндіріс, ауыл шаруашылығы және тұрмыстық қызмет нәтижесінде өзендер, көлдер және жер асты сулары ауыр металдар, органикалық бояғыштар, фармацевтикалық қалдықтар, микропластиктер және патогенді микроағзалармен ластанады. Бұл экожүйелердің бұзылуына, биотаға зиян келуіне және адам денсаулығына қауіп төндіреді. Дәстүрлі тазалау әдістері – тұндыру, хлорлау, адсорбция, ионалмастырғыш шайырлар – күрделі құрамдағы немесе жоғары концентрациядағы ластағыштарды толық жоя алмайды. Осыған байланысты мембраналық технологиялар суды молекулалық деңгейде бөлуге, энергияны аз тұтынуға және экологиялық қауіпсіздікті қамтамасыз етуге мүмкіндік беретін перспективалы бағыт болып саналады.

Соңғы жылдары MXene және наноцеллюлоза негізіндегі композитті мембраналар ерекше қызығушылық тудырды. MXene – MAX фазаларынан алынған екіөлшемді карбидтер мен нитридтердің тобы, оның қабаттық құрылымы, жоғары электрөткізгіштігі, гидрофильділігі және функционалды беткі топтары мембраналардың өткізгіштігін арттырып, иондарды бөлу мен органикалық ластағыштарды адсорбциялау тиімділігін жақсартады. Наноцеллюлоза биологиялық тұрғыдан ыдырайтын наноматериал болып, мембрананың механикалық беріктігін, тұрақтылығын және биосәйкестігін қамтамасыз етеді, сондай-ақ селективтілік пен ластануға карсы қасиеттерін арттырады.

MXene мен наноцеллюлозаның комбинациясы синергиялық әсер көрсетеді: наноцеллюлоза MXene қабаттарының агрегациясын болдырмайды, ал берік фаза әрекеттесу мембрананы ақаулардан қорғайды. Бұл тұщыландыру, ауыр металдарды, органикалық бояғыштарды, дәрілік қалдықтарды және микропластиктерді тиімді өңдеуге мүмкіндік береді. Сонымен қатар, композиттің қабаттық құрылымы мен функционалды топтары ұзақ мерзімді тұрақтылық пен жоғары өнімділікті қамтамасыз етеді.

Мақалада MXene мен наноцеллюлозаның қасиеттері, композитті мембраналарды алу әдістері, құрылымдық сипаттамалары және суды тазалауда қолдану перспективалары жан-жақты қарастырылады. Зерттеу жаңа буын мембраналық технологиялардың экологиялық қауіпсіз, жоғары өнімді және тұрақты болуына қатысты әлеуетін көрсетеді, бұл суды тиімді тазалау мен ұзақ мерзімді тұрақтылыққа қол жеткізуде маңызды ғылыми және практикалық мәнге ие.

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