ОБЗОР: ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КОМПОЗИТНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ КАРБИДА КРЕМНИЯ

В обзоре представлен комплексный анализ оптических свойств карбида кремния (SiC) – от объемных кристаллов до 0D-наноструктур. Систематизирована зависимость оптического отклика от политипизма: ширина непрямой запрещенной зоны возрастает с увеличением гексагональности от 2,36 эВ (3C-SiC) до 3,23 эВ (4H-SiC). Для тонких пленок установлено, что отжиг при 800°C и толщина до 250 нм оптимизируют кристалличность, снижая коэффициент поглощения почти на 20%. Эффекты квантового ограничения в 0D-квантовых точках вызывают голубое смещение переходов с расширением зоны до 4,5 эВ. Значительные энергии связи экситонов (0,5–1,0 эВ) в 2D-монослоях SiC обуславливают необходимость применения многочастичных поправок GW+BSE взамен стандартных методов DFT. Наножидкости на основе SiC демонстрируют рост эффективности солнечного поглощения на 150% и 98%-ную стабильность, подтверждая перспективность материала для прямопоглощающих солнечных коллекторов. В заключении обозначены расхождения между теорией и экспериментом, а также обоснована важность интегрированного моделирования в будущих исследованиях фотоники на основе SiC.

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