ҚАТТЫ КҮЙДЕГІ СУПЕРКОНДЕНСАТОРЛАРҒА АРНАЛҒАН БИОЫДЫРАЙТЫН ГЕЛЬПОЛИМЕРЛІ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТТЕР: ҚАЗІРГІ ЖАЙ-КҮЙІ ЖӘНЕ ДАМУ ПЕРСПЕКТИВАЛАРЫ

Биоыдырайтын гель-полимерлі электролиттер (ГПЭ) киілетін электроника, биомедициналық құрылғылар және автономды сенсорлар үшін арналған қатты күйдегі суперконденсаторларда сұйық электролиттер мен синтетикалық сепараторларға  перспективалы  балама.  Олар  қауіпсіздікті  арттырады,  электролиттің  ағуын  болдырмайды, құрылғылардың икемділігін жоғарылатады және қоршаған ортаға түсетін экологиялық жүктемені төмендетеді. Шолуда хитозан, альгинат, желатин, целлюлоза және оның туындылары, крахмал, лигнин, полимол қышқылы және басқа да полимерлер негізінде биоыдырайтын ГПЭ әзірлеудің заманауи тәсілдері жүйеленген. Модификациялау әдістері (айқаспалы байланыстыру, функционалдандыру, композиттеу, нанотолтырғыштарды енгізу) және гельді матрицалардағы иондық тасымал механизмдері талданған. Электролиттің иондық өткізгіштікке, эквивалентті тізбектік кедергіге (ESR), жұмыс кернеуіне және циклдік тұрақтылыққа әсеріне ерекше назар аударылған. Биоыдырайтын ГПЭ-нің негізгі шектеулері мен «жасыл» қатты күйдегі энергия жинақтау құрылғыларын әзірлеудің болашағы қарастырылады.

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