ОБЗОР КОНЦЕПЦИИ ВЫСОКОЭНТРОПИЙНЫХ СПЛАВОВ

В статье представлен обзор результатов исследований высокоэнтропийных сплавов, описывающие принципы их образования, базовые понятия и свойства высокоэнтропийных сплавов. Перечислены существующие категории энтропийных сплавов. Описаны эффекты, возникающие вследствие образования высокоэнтропийных сплавов: высокая энтропия, искажение решетки, замедленная диффузия и эффект перемешивания. Отмечается, что традиционные термодинамические представления для многокомпонентных сплавов требуют дополнения. Также отмечается, что применение правил Юм-Розери для предсказывания фазового состава высокоэнтропийных сплавов показывает некоторые затруднения, так как трудно подобрать большое количество элементов, имеющих одинаковый тип решетки и валентности. Описаны результаты анализа ряда параметров и условий, которые, по мнению исследователей, влияют на структурное состояние создаваемых высокоэнтропийных сплавов, учет которых мог бы позволить корректно предсказать формирование структур в высокоэнтропийных сплавах. Анализ литературных данных показал, что в настоящее время не существует универсального параметра, который мог бы позволить корректно предсказать формирование структур в многокомпонентных системах сплавов. Представлены методы подготовки порошков высокоэнтропийных сплавов. Рассмотрены результаты работ часто используемых методов получения покрытий на основе высокоэнтропийных сплавов, таких как лазерная наплавка, магнетронное напыление, электрохимическое осаждение и термическое напыление. Описаны недостатки при получении покрытий данными методами.

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