This article presents experimental data on measuring the electron temperature and plasma concentration in the radial direction on a plasma-beam setup. The plasma parameters were determined using an automated diagnostic system based on an electric probe for two working gases, hydrogen and helium. The dependences of the electron temperature and plasma density on the change in the electron beam power and working gas pressure are determined. It is shown that with an increase in the power of the electron beam, the electron temperature in the radial direction does not change for both working media, and the maximum plasma concentration in the facility was recorded at the highest gas pressure closer to the center of the beam and amounted to 5·10¹⁶ m⁻³ for hydrogen and 5·10¹⁷ m⁻³ for helium.

The paper presents information on the registration of underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) of the Semipalatinsk test site (STS) at the Balapan site (Bal) from 1969 to 1988. Two stations of the Unified Seismic Observation Service (ESSN USSR) - Uzhgorod (UZH) and Vladivostok (VLA), since the epicentral distances for them are closest to each other Δ~36°. Records of the register of specific UNEs have been preserved in the archives of the Institute of Geospheres Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Academician M.A. Sadovsky (IDG RAS). Body wave magnitudes (mb) range from 5.6 to 6.2. For them, at equidistant stations, the travel time of the P-wave (tp0) was obtained. Corrections were made to the data on the registration and travel time curves were formed for the UZH-Bal, VLA-Bal and local traces for the range Δ~36.0-36.6°. Velocity Vp is equal ~10 km/s.

In this paper, the theoretical research of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating for zirconia substrate is discussed. To obtain this coating, one of the multi-efficiency methods high velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spraying (HVOF) was investigated. The coatings were processed by different thicknesses of zirconia substrate sample of 3–5 mm also with length of 20 mm and width of 30 mm, at spraying speed of 600–700 m/s. The temperature during HVOF spraying is about 3000 ºC and the cooling temperature is 27 ºC. Investigating the theoretical data of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings, the development and thermal stresses after HVOF treatment were determined using Stone's method and Brenner-Senderoff equations with a coating thickness not exceeding 0.6 mm for carbide coatings. According to the results of theoretical research, the deposition efficiency values were found by the method proposed by Kosaku Shinoda. According to the theoretical and mathematical calculations, the deposition efficiency for Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating with zirconia substrate is in the range of 59.5%–69.4%. Thus, it was found that the deposition efficiency for the coatings depends on the thickness of the substrate, the powder feed rate, and the mass of the applied material and consequently the number of spraying passes.

Maximizing energy conversion efficiency is a major goal in the field of sustainable energy systems. In recent years, MXenes, a new class of two-dimensional materials, have attracted much attention in the context of improving energy conversion efficiency. This literature review provides an overview of the current state of energy research on MXenes, including their synthesis, characterization, and applications in energy storage and conversion systems. There are various methods for the synthesis of MXenes that are being developed to obtain materials with optimal structural and electrochemical properties. Characterization studies of MXenes examine their electrochemical properties, structure, surface, and physicochemical behavior to understand the underlying energy conversion mechanisms and optimize their performance. Applications of MXenes in energy storage and conversion systems include their use in solar cells, thermoelectric devices and batteries. MXenes have high conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, making them attractive for these applications. Continued research is needed to more fully understand the physical and chemical properties of MXenes and to develop optimal synthesis and application methods to achieve maximum energy conversion efficiency.

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are a group of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, including lanthanides and scandium and yttrium. These elements have unique physical and chemical properties that make them valuable in various industries, including electronics, magnets, and catalysts. However, radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements also possess effective nuclear physical properties that make them promising for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes. These radioactive isotopes have unstable atoms with excess nuclear energy, and they undergo radioactive decay, which can be utilized for medical applications.

The nuclear physical properties of radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements make them suitable for therapeutic purposes in medicine. For example, technetium-99m, a radioactive isotope of technetium, is widely used in diagnostic nuclear medicine due to its outstanding physical-chemical characteristics. Other radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements, such as holmium-166, have been established for a broad spectrum of medical applications. These isotopes can be used in targeted radiation therapy to treat various diseases, including cancer. The unique properties of these radioactive isotopes allow for precise targeting and delivery of radiation to specific tissues or cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

The potential of radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements for therapeutic purposes extends beyond the current applications. Ongoing research and innovations in the field of radiopharmaceuticals continue to explore the use of underutilized lanthanoid radionuclides for theranostic purposes. For example, astatine, a rare and highly radioactive element, exhibits multiple isotopes that can be potentially utilized in targeted therapy. The development of new radiopharmaceuticals using radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements holds promise for advancing medical treatments and improving patient outcomes. With further research and advancements, these isotopes may play a crucial role in the future of therapeutic medicine.

This research work makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of obtaining REE such radioisotopes as: ⁹⁰Y, ¹⁴¹Ce, ¹⁴⁷Nd, ¹⁵³Sm, ¹⁶⁵Dy, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁶⁹Tm, ¹⁷⁵Yb, ¹⁷⁷Yb, ¹⁷⁷Lu by reaction (n, γ) at the WWR-K reactor.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides called MXenes, particularly Ti₃C₂T_X, and three-dimensional (3D) structures such as polymer hydrogels or aerogels are promising systems, each in its own right, with advantageous properties for applications in biomedicine, water purification, electronic devices and batteries. Combining MXene with hydrogels or aerogels can further improve their individual properties and impart new characteristics. It could also significantly improve the chemical stability of MXenes, which is currently one of the main limiting factors for their widespread use. In this article, we review some representative fabrication methods and properties of Ti₃C₂T_X MXene/3D hydrogel and aerogel composites, as well as selected applications of these composites for water purification.

The first circuit of the WWR-K nuclear research reactor consists of a large number of austenitic welded joints of various configurations. Such welds exhibit anisotropic and inhomogeneous structures with elongated grains, which can complicate interpretation of radiographic and ultrasonic data. The root part of the weld is of particular concern since it is under the constant influence of moving demineralized water, mechanical and thermal loads, which can cause the appearance and propagation of cracks and erosion processes. In this paper, we consider an integrated approach to the study of defects in austenitic welded joints in the primary circuit of the WWR-K reactor, commissioned in 1967. Small overall dimensions, complex pipeline configuration, one-way access and an unknown weld shape do not allow us to use the standardized test procedures. Radiographic control data showed the presence of unexpressed extended discontinuities similar to lack of fusion. The use of ultrasonic testing with a linear array is considered to improve the reliability and efficiency of testing of the circumferential welds. The study implied selection of the optimal scanning modes, obtaining of a set of acoustic images of defects in welded joints of the tested samples using a 16-element ultrasonic linear array. Practical testing was performed on austenitic welded joints of WWR-K pipelines with a non-metallic coating. The main problems of pipeline testing, that require further improvement, were the low scanning speed, the impossibility of using the built-in weld model for interpretation and determination of the true size of defects. In general, the work results showed a fairly good detection of root defects and an assessment of their conditional sizes using the phased array technology.

The paper presents the results of a study of thermoluminescent (TL) and dosimetric properties of monoclinic zirconium dioxide ceramics of two types: synthesized by sintering in an electric furnace at T = 700–1700 °C and in a flow of high-energy electrons (1.4 MeV) with a high power density. It has been established that annealing of ceramics of the first type at T>1000 °C leads to a significant increase in the crystallite size, which correlates with a significant increase in the intensity of the TL peak at 390 K after irradiation of the samples with high doses (on the order of kGy) of a pulsed electron beam (130 keV). Type 2 ceramics synthesized by the electron beam method have the maximum TL response. The work also discusses the patterns of influence of synthesis conditions on the kinetic parameters of TL and the nonlinearity coefficients of dose dependencies. The presence of an intense isolated TL peak, the sublinear nature of most dose dependencies, and negligible fading indicate the promise of the ceramics synthesized in this work for measuring high doses (several to tens of kGy).

This paper presents the results that were synthesized by nanocrystals based on zinc selenide by thermal synthesis and studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy before and after thermal annealing at 800 ℃ and 1000 ℃. The heat treatment of the synthesized samples was carried out in the AVERON electric vacuum furnace, lasting 60 minutes. The optical properties of the samples – photoluminescence (PL) and raman spectra – have been studied. Photoluminescence spectra were measured at room temperature using a CM2203 spectrofluorimeter. Raman spectra were measured using a Raman spectrometer (NT-MDT). The spectrometer used a solid-state laser with a wavelength of 473 nm. Raman spectra of zinc selenite (ZnSeO₃) nanocrystals before annealing showed modes 665, 695, 825 and 973 cm⁻¹. After thermal annealing, a downward shift of peaks was observed. In addition, the Raman spectra showed LO shifts with the duration of the deposition time. The Raman spectra of zinc selenide at room temperature showed the main peaks at 199, 247, 498 and 501 cm−1. During heat treatment of ZnSe at 800 °C and 1000 °C, an expansion of asymmetry was observed for horizontal optical (TO)-phonon and longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon modes with an increase in annealing temperature and redshifts in the shapes of Raman lines. The photoluminescence spectra of zinc selenide, depending on temperature, were represented by wide bands located at wavelengths of 350–650 nm. The PL spectra were recorded at room temperature from 300 to 800 nm in 5 nm increments using a xenon lamp. Zinc selenide before heat treatment showed photoluminescence bands at 1.93, 2.3, 2.56, 2.75 and 2.97 eV. The volume radiation of ZnSe at the boundary of the nearest band corresponded to the band of strong radiation at 2.84 eV. 3.2 eV is associated with the absorption of ZnO nanoparticles through the edge of the band. ZnSeO₃ samples before annealing show one wide band of photoluminescence in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum about 2.82 eV. After thermal annealing at 1000 °C, a transition to a longer wave region with a wavelength of 2.86 eV is observed. Since thermal annealing is suitable for crystallization, it has led to an increase in luminescent efficiency. 60 minutes of high-temperature firing of the samples resulted in a loss of Se due to the effect of temperature on the zinc selenide content. Thermal combustion of zinc selenide-based nanocrystals was characterized by an increase in FWHM and a decrease in intensity in the photoluminescence spectra with increasing temperature.

The paper considers a method for evaluating the activity of a steel ampoule after reactor irradiation by the Monte Carlo method. The object of study is a single-wall ampoule made of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti. This ampoule serves as a protective barrier during reactor tests with experimental devices at the IGR reactor. Forecasting the activity value of the ampoule after the reactor start-up will allow timely planning and organization of work on further safe handling of the ampoule. The results of the neutron-physical calculation of the radiation characteristics of the ampoule, performed in the MCNP program using two methods, are presented.

Thin films of ABO₃ perovskite ferroelectrics are important for many industrial applications, i.e., high-capacity memory cells, catalysis, optical waveguides, and integrated optics. The use of BaTiO₃ for these industries and products is due to the variety of its surface structure and, accordingly, its electronic and chemical properties. Calculations of the surface characteristics of BaTiO₃ from the first principles are useful for understanding processes that play a crucial role, such as surface reaction chemistry, surface phenomena, and adsorption surfaces. This study examined theoretical calculations related to the relaxed atomic structures of the surface of BaTiO₃ (111).

The parameters and instrumental data of the registration of the strong Jinhe earthquake on August 8, 2017, as well as the geological environment and seismotectonic situation of the epicenter area are described. The trigger effects for the initiation of an earthquake associated with a dynamic change in weather and climatic conditions in a high-altitude area, which led to a rapid increase in the excess mass of the geological environment after heavy rains and heavy snowfalls, as well as with the increased effect of lunar-solar tidal forces on the seismogenic structure with an excess mass of the geological environment during the days of the full moon.