When using water for the technical needs of industrial enterprises, it needs to be purified to regulatory standards of maximum permissible concentrations, which is energy- and resource-intensive. To effectively purify industrial wastewater from various pollutants, waste from various industries is increasingly being used, which show a high degree of wastewater purification and are inexpensive.

In the article, carbonate sludge is used as an adsorbent - a large-tonnage waste from chemical water treatment shops of thermal power plants. This paper presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the sorption material – granular modified carbonate sludge (GrMKSh). Data on the effectiveness of using the sorption material GrMKSh for treating wastewater from phenols is presented: the output adsorption curve under dynamic conditions is obtained, the efficiency of wastewater treatment from phenols is calculated, which is 99.2%. The results of biotesting of an aqueous extract of GrMKSh saturated with phenols on fish of the species Poesilia reticulata Pet. and crustacean Daphnia magna Str. It has been shown that purified water does not have an acute toxic effect on test objects.

The core of the Earth consists mainly of iron and nickel, forming an iron-nickel alloy. At the same time, sulfur is one of the potential candidates for the role of a light element in the inner core. To date, many theoretical studies have been conducted by quantum chemical modeling to search for intermediate compositions and structures in systems such as Fe-C, Fe-H, Fe-O, Fe-Si, Fe-S and Fe-P up to pressures of 400 GPa.

Despite extensive research on the iron-light element systems, to date no mineralogical model of the Earth's core has been created that fully corresponds to the observed seismological data. A possible reason for this discrepancy may be insufficient consideration of the influence of the core's key alloying element, nickel. Theoretical studies for the nickel-light element system at high pressures have not been sufficiently carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth studies of these binary systems in order to further study and identify possible intermediates in triple Fe-Ni-S systems.

The article presents the results of an experimental study of zinc diselenide nanocrystals obtained by chemical deposition, which is the simplest method in the a-SiO₂/Si-n track matrix. A sample of the SiO₂/Si track was obtained by irradiation with Xe ions with an energy of 200 MeV (F = 10⁸ ions/cm²) on a DC-60 cyclotron (Astana, Kazakhstan) followed by chemical treatment with fluoric acid (HF) in an aqueous solution. Before chemical treatment, ultrasonic cleaning of the sample surface with isopropanol was performed for 15 minutes (6.SB25-12DTS). After treatment, the samples were washed with deionized water (18.2 MOm). The chemical deposition of the track template was carried out at room temperature for 60 minutes. A solution consisting of zinc chloride and Selenium dioxide (ZnCl₂ – 3.4 g/l, SeO₂ – 0.2 g/l) was used as the electrolyte. The surface of the samples after deposition was examined using a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM). Morphological analysis showed that the degree of filling of nanopores varies depending on temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed using the D8 ADVANCE ECO X-ray diffractometer. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the chemical deposition of zinc in the a-SiO₂/Si-n trace matrix led to the formation of ZnSe₂O₅ nanocrystals with an orthorhombic crystal structure. The experimental parameters of the crystal lattice, crystal density, effective charge and chemical bond population are in good agreement with the results of quantum chemical calculations and other literature data performed in the approximation of linear combinations of atomic orbitals. Nonempirical calculations have shown that ZnSe₂O₅ has a direct range at the G point, and the calculated effective charges of atoms demonstrate a significant covalent contribution to chemical bonds forming mixed ionic covalent bonds. Photoluminescence (PL) was measured by excitation with light with a wavelength of 300 nm in the room temperature. The PL spectra were considered as a symbiosis of luminescence of zinc oxide and zinc selenide. The PL spectrum of chemically deposited samples consists of a wide band in the wavelength range from 2.6 to 3.2 eV at room temperature.

The relevance of the study is related to the of nuclear control safety. Determining the temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) experimentally is a rather difficult problem. One of the main difficulties is to heat up the reactor from two (or more) heat sources with different temperatures for a long time, sufficient for the isothermal heating of all reactor parts. The proof of the reactor isothermal heating may be the equalization of the coolant temperature in the distribution header (at the reactor inlet) and in the drain header (at the reactor outlet) for a time sufficient to stabilize the reactor critical state and the position of the regulatory authorities accordingly.

The essence of the study method is related to the fact that during the experiment to determine the TCR, the conditions were created under which barometric (hydrodynamic) and power effects affecting the research reactor reactivity were excluded.

The significance of the results is the fact that the TCR, one of the important safety assessment parameters for the IVG.1M reactor, was determined experimentally after the reactor was converted from highly enriched (HEU) to low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel.

The article discusses the problems of pollution of the Ertis River in the Kazakhstani part of the basin. The data on the quality of river water obtained in the period from 2012 to 2023, which is generally characterized as unsatisfactory, was analyzed. The main sources of river pollution are discharges of industrial and municipal wastewater in the Bukhtarma, Ulba, Ertis river basins, and there is also a trans-boundary impact. As a result of the activities of a number of industrial complexes in the studied area, increased concentrations of heavy metals (lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium), nutrients (iron), and suspended particles (11.9–28.3 mg/dm³) are observed in the water of the Ertis River. The most polluted sections of the river are in the areas of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk and Pavlodar. To improve the water quality of the Ertis River, it is necessary to take measures to reduce trans-boundary discharges of pollutants, ensure effective treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater, and also monitor the quality of the river’s water in order to track the dynamics of pollution and take timely measures to reduce it.

The study examines the porosity characteristics, corrosion analysis, and microstructure of iron-based coatings sprayed by supersonic arc metallisation in order to understand the regularity of the influence of the parameters by wire feed rate dependence. The performance of iron-based coatings depends on the integrity of the coating structure. Optimisation of arc spraying parameters allows minimising defects (pores, grain boundaries, unmelted particles, oxides and microcracks) that deteriorate coating properties. At high current levels, the microstructure of the coatings becomes more dense and the particle size decreases, also the average pore size decreases. As the wire feed rate increases, the value of current increases, which leads to the release of more heat energy at the arc to melt the wire and consequently favours the formation of dense coatings with low porosity.

This study assessed the effectiveness of ceramic membranes in removing drugs from water. The effectiveness was assessed by filtration of model solutions with the addition of sulfamethoxazole and aspirin at a concentration of 3 mg/l. The study of drug concentrations was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed 100% and 99.48% removal of aspirin and sulfamethoxazole from the solution, respectively. When filtering model solutions with the addition of medicinal substances, a decrease in the flow of solutions was observed over time and amounted to 19 l/m²-h for sulfamethoxazole and 30 l/m²-h for aspirin, respectively. Overall, the results obtained indicate that ceramic membranes have the potential to purify water from medicinal contaminants.

This work describes the production of nanocellulose by removing lignin from biomass by the peroxide method in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst and the study of its physicochemical properties. The structure of cellulose and modified nanocellulose was studied using Raman spectroscopy, IR (infrared) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The resulting increase in the crystallinity of NFC (nanofibrous cellulose) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. This indicates that cellulose was associated with the removal of amorphous parts. As a result of X-ray diffraction, overlap on NFC radiographs occurred even in the area of intense lines. In the sample obtained by IR spectroscopy, the presence of groups (3413.12 cm⁻¹; 2918.34 cm⁻¹; 1373.30 cm⁻¹; 617.52 cm⁻¹) corresponding to the nature of NFC was detected. Strong absorption at 1429.8 cm−1 in the spectrum of CMC (carboxylmethylcellulose) revealed –COOH groups, indicating successful carboxylation of cellulose. The morphological surface, average particle size and structure of the samples were studied. As a result of a comparative analysis of morphological structures, an ordered filamentous structure of nanofibrous cellulose characteristic of fibers and a porous structure of CMC with a modified surface and uneven fibers were revealed. The developed method for producing modified cellulose from biomass does not require multi-stage processing compared to traditional methods and is safe for the environment. It has been shown that it is possible to obtain high-quality cellulose in one stage without the use of reagents containing sulfur and chlorine, high pressure and high water consumption.

This work presents a study of the structural, optical and electrical characteristics of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanowires obtained by chemical deposition (CD) into a SiO₂/Si track template (template synthesis). Latent tracks in the SiO₂ layer were created by irradiation with swift heavy ions (SHI) of Xe at an energy of 200 MeV with a fluence of Ф = 10⁸ cm⁻² and subsequent etching in a 4% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF). The chosen CD method is widely used for the deposition of semiconductor oxide nanowires in SiO₂ nanopores. The CD method is cost-effective because it does not require special equipment for deposition of nanowires. To carry out deposition, a solution of a coordination compound of a metal and a reducing agent is used. To analyze the filling of pores after the CD process, the surface morphology of the samples was studied using a Zeiss Crossbeam 540 scanning microscope. The crystallographic structure of SnO₂/SiO₂/Si nanostructures with SnO₂ nanopore filling was studied by X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is carried out on a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffractometer. As a result, a SnO₂-NW/SiO₂/Si nanoheterostructure with an orthorhombic crystal structure of SnO₂ nanowires was obtained. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured upon excitation with light at a wavelength of 240 nm using a CM2203 spectrofluorimeter (Solar). Gaussian decomposition of the photoluminescence spectrum of SnO₂-NW/SiO₂/Si structures showed that they have low intensity, which is mainly due to the presence of defects such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial tin or tin with damaged bonds. Electrical characterization studies were performed using a VersaStat 3 potentiostat (Ametek). Measurement of the current-voltage characteristic showed that the resulting SnO₂-NW/SiO₂/Si nanoheterostructure contains arrays of p-n junctions.

In this study, radiation-induced segregation was studied in high-entropy alloys (HEA) CoCrFeNi, CoCrFeMnNi, irradiated with helium ions He2+ with an energy of 40 keV at room temperature. Changes in the concentrations of HEAs and their depth distributions were studied by Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) methods. Measurements using the RBS and EDS methods showed that non-irradiated HEAs have a composition close to equiatomic, where the average concentration for CoCrFeNi is 24.8 atomic percents (at.%), and for CoCrFeMnNi – 20 at.%. The EDS results were significantly different from the RBS in Ni/Co concentrations, and indicated no significant changes in element distribution in both HEAs after irradiation. According to the RBS data, the largest changes in concentrations during irradiation in both HEAs relate to the enrichment of Ni atoms. In CoCrFeNi, upon irradiation, Ni/Co atoms undergo the greatest segregation, and in CoCrFeMnNi, the Ni/Co/Fe concentrations change significantly. In CoCrFeMnNi, the change in element concentrations with increasing irradiation fluence was more pronounced than in CoCrFeNi. In CoCrFeMnNi, changes in concentrations of all elements at both fluences reached 0.5–17% (0.1–3.1 at.%) and exceeded changes in CoCrFeNi, which reached 2–11% (0.5–1.9 at.%). It was found that the resistance to segregation when irradiated with helium ions under these conditions was lower for CoCrFeMnNi than for CoCrFeNi. In CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi, changes in the concentrations of Co, Fe, Cr, and Mn were significantly less than changes near sinks and defect clusters when irradiated with nickel ions with similar doses in other studies at temperatures close to the halfmelting temperature of nickel HEAs. The RBS study showed a uniform distribution of atoms in depth and resistance to segregation in CoCrFeNi, CoCrFeMnNi when irradiated with helium ions.

The creation of a nanoporous silicon dioxide layer in the a-SiO₂/Si-n structure was accomplished by irradiation with xenon ions at a cyclotron and then chemical etching with an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride with the addition of palladium. The truncated cone-shaped nanopores had diameters ranging from 486 to 509 nm. Then ZnS nanowires synthesized by electrochemical deposition (ECD) method, depending on the voltage at the electrodes of the electrolytic cell and as a result zinc sulfide nanowires with cubic structure and spatial symmetry group F-43m (216) were obtained. The sample is characterized by (111), (200), (220), (331) (311) planes, respectively, which is in good agreement with the cubic phase of ZnS. The charge-voltage characteristics (CVC) of ZnS showed that an n-type conductivity semiconductor was formed. Measurements of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnS were recorded on a CM 2203 spectrofluorimeter. The PL spectra were recorded in the range of 250 nm to 450 nm at room temperature. The PL spectra of the precipitated precipitates reveals emission in a wide UV-visible spectral range. It can be seen that the luminescence spectra have quite complex components and can be divided into five Gaussian curves. As can be seen the FL spectrum of the deposited ZnS consists of bands at 3.15 eV, 3.3 eV, 3.4 eV, 3.55 eV and 3.73 eV. Also analyzing the spectra energy dispersive analysis showed that the ZnS nanoproofs consist of Zn – 42.5% and S – 57.5%.

This paper describes the main results of the study of obtaining samples of radio-absorbing CoC films by magnetron sputtering and evaluates the data of experimental and computational studies on the relationship between the structure and properties of CoC films. To eliminate the ferromagnetic effect of cobalt, a composite target was used. The use of the composite target during magnetron sputtering ensures the production of films of a given and necessary composition. Structural-phase state of the obtained films was studied using XRD, SEM and TEM methods. A distinctive feature of the synthesized coating is the absence of a crystalline structure in some areas due to the amorphizing properties of cobalt and its tendency to form metallic glasses. Results obtained by the experiments are in good agreement with computational modeling results. The radio-absorbing properties of the obtained films were confirmed by the results of measuring the reflection loss, standing wave ratio, reflectance, and impedance. Results presented in the article can serve as a baseline for perspective studies in this field.

This research article considers the tandem magnetic nanoparticles, which consists magnetic nanoparticle, connected with functional nanoparticle by carbon nanotube, exploring the transformative impact of temporal changes in magnetic fields on their behavior. By manipulating magnetic induction, using sifted center of mass such nanoparticles and necessary angle between its axis and magnetic dipole moment, we can exercise precise control over the movement of such nanoparticles. This holds immense promise for various applications, particularly in the field of medicine.

Nanotechnology has a wide range of applications in the medical field, particularly as nanomedicine. Some nanoparticles are promising for new diagnostic tools, imaging techniques, targeted therapies, pharmaceuticals, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering. Nanotechnology allows for the safer administration of high-toxicity treatments, such as chemotherapy drugs for cancer. Additionally, wearable devices can monitor vital signs, detect cancer cells, and identify infections in real time. These advancements are expected to give doctors significantly better access to critical information about the causes of changes in health, directly from the source of the issue.

The study examines the scenarios where the magnetic moment and the center of mass of a nanoparticle are misaligned, creating a tandem nanoparticle. The paper investigates the effects of an alternating external magnetic field on such nanoparticles, focusing on specific motion patterns that can be utilized to control the position and velocity of the particles.

For this study, relevant literature on nanotechnology in the medical field was reviewed from sources like Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and other research platforms.

The advancement of effective, durable, and economically viable photocatalytic systems aimed at solar-driven water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen represents a strategically vital pathway for future fuel and chemical production from renewable sources. Water splitting is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of renewable hydrogen and for addressing the global energy and environmental crisis. However, the large-scale application of this method is limited by the low efficiency and high cost of solar water splitting systems. The search for economical, efficient, and stable photocatalysts is crucial in the development of solar water splitting technologies. Perovskite-based photocatalysts have recently attracted considerable attention for use in solar water splitting processes due to their simple structure and flexible composition. BaTiO₃ is a promising photocatalyst because of its adjustable electronic structure. Initially considered a poor photocatalyst due to its wide band gap, this material has become the focus of various strategies aimed at reducing the band gap. In this paper, we study the effect of Rh doping on the electronic structure of the (001) BaTiO₃ perovskite surface. Theoretical results show that Rh atoms can occupy both sites simultaneously, or only Ti sites, or Ba sites. The electronic structure was modeled for two conditions. When Rh atoms occupy one Ba position and one Ti position, the electronic structure shows the presence of an acceptor level within the band gap above the Fermi level, effectively reducing the band gap of the material.

Under laboratory (in a chamber) and full-scale conditions (at the former Semipalatinsk Test Site), pepper and eggplant were exposed several times to tritium in the form of НТО at different growth stages. In chamber experiments, tritium activity concentration in the free water (TFWT) of plants’ leaves during exposure increased, and under full-scale conditions, it was marked by an unsteady dynamic. TFWT activity concentration in leaves of both crops was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than in stems and fruits. Values of TFWT/HTO_air. showed that TFWT activity concentration at the end of exposure reached equilibrium only in leaves. Both in full-scale and chamber experiments, tissue free water was noted to be enriched with tritium compared to the ambient air (TFWT/HTO_air >1). In the post-exposure period, FWT activity concentration in both crops quickly dropped on the first day (over 90–95%). In the next 2 weeks (336 h), a reduction in TFWT was markedly slowing down. In all experiments, activity concentration values of organically bound tritium (OBT) in pepper and eggplant leaves are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than TFWT. OBT activity concentration in both crops on the first day after exposure was marked by both a positive and negative dynamics. After 2 weeks (336 h) following the exposure, the loss of OBT was 60–95%. A close correlation relationship was established between TFWT activity concentration in leaves and HTO in the air (r = 0.73; р<0.05), and a moderate one – between TFWT activity concentration in leaves and the air humidity (r = 0.54; р<0.05). No significant correlation relationship was revealed between OBT activity concentration in leaves and environmental factors (photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, relative humidity). Findings showed that a possible contribution by organically bound tritium to the annual average internal exposure dose on consumption of crop products exposed to a short-term aerial contamination by HTO will be negligible. Data from full-scale experiments, taking into account the impact by actual climatic factors, could be used to test regional models of tritium transport by air in the “air-to-agricultural plant” system.

Interest in thin-film protective coatings based on nitride compounds of molybdenum and chromium is due to the great prospects for their use as wear-resistant anti-corrosion coatings with high resistance to both external effects in the form of mechanical friction, pressure, and corrosion processes, when exposed to aggressive media, hydrogenation or high temperatures. However, the stability of nitride coatings are primarily determined by the conditions of their obtaining, which not least depend on the power of magnetron sputtering, the variation of which allows you to change the ratio of elements in the composition of coatings. The key objective of this research is to measure the strength characteristics measured by indentation method depending on the conditions of obtaining coatings under variation of sputtering power, as well as to establish the influence of variation of conditions of obtaining thin film coatings on the change of hardness and hardening factors. According to the presented data, changing the conditions of magnetron sputtering by varying the power leads to the formation of stronger stable coatings with high resistance to cracking under changing external load. In the course of research it was determined that changing the conditions of magnetron sputtering coatings, leading to an increase in the concentration of molybdenum in the composition of coatings leads to more than 60–80% hardening, as well as an increase in resistance to cracking under external influences.

This article presents an analysis of international documents on the justification of monitoring systems in areas where nuclear facilities are located. The main international organization that regulates radiation safety, including requirements for the organization of radiation control and monitoring of radioactive contamination of the environment, is the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The IAEA Statute authorizes the Agency to establish safety standards to protect health and minimize the consequences to life and property of activities involving the use of radiation technologies. The IAEA safety standards must be used in its own work, and IAEA member states can apply them by incorporating them into their nuclear and radiation safety regulations. Regularly reviewed IAEA safety standards are a key element of the global regime for the protection of people and the environment.

The use of nanofluids in the cooling system of hybrid solar collectors is an urgent task of intensification of heat transfer. This heat carrier allows for more efficient cooling of the surface of the solar panel, which increases the productivity of the collector. However, the low stability of the nanofluid, manifested in the agglomeration of nanoparticles and their subsequent precipitation, affects the deterioration of the thermophysical properties. This article discusses the sedimentation process of TiO2-double distilled water nanofluid stabilized with CTAB and SDBS surfactants. The sedimentation process was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. A high stabilizing effect was observed with the use of CTAB surfactant, expressed in a low sedimentation rate compared to use of SDBS.

This paper presents a study of copper selenide nanowires obtained for the first time by template synthesis. This method allows precise control of the size and morphology of nanostructures, which indicates its high efficiency in obtaining homogeneous and well-deposited copper selenide nanowires. The SiO₂/Si track template was obtained by irradiation on a DC-60 accelerator (Astana, Kazakhstan), after which the track template was chemically etched to form cylindrical pores. After irradiation and further chemical etching, copper selenide was deposited into the SiO₂/Si track template by electrochemical deposition method. The morphology and amount of deposited nanoprecipitates were observed using a QUANTA 200i electron microscope with 3D scanning. X-ray diffractometer was used to determine the crystallographic structure of copper selenide nanoprecipitates. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was carried out on a Rigaku miniflex 600 X-ray diffractometer. The XRD analysis revealed the formation of cubic crystalline phase of copper selenide nanowires electrochemically deposited on SiO₂/Si track template. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured on a CM2203 spectrofluorimeter to study the optical properties of the nanowires. The PL spectra were recorded at room temperature from 300 nm to 800 nm in 5 nm steps under a xenon lamp. Differential decomposition of the FL spectra showed two main peaks (2.5 and 2.8 eV).

This paper presents the results of an experiment to study the processes of ZrBe₂ beryllyde corrosion when purging a sample with a stationary flow of Ar+D₂O vapor-gas medium under thermal loads. ZrBe₂ beryllide is considered as one of the promising materials for the use in various industries, science and technology, including thermonuclear energy. The interest in studying the processes of beryllides corrosion under conditions of purging with inert gases, with impurities of the water vapor of different isotopic compositions (H₂O and D₂O) is due to the need to understand the processes arising from such interaction.

The corrosion experiment with the ZrBe₂ sample was carried out on a TGA/DSC 3+ synchronous thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry device manufactured by Mettler-Toledo (Switzerland), complete with a Pfeiffer ThermoStar quadrupole mass spectrometer, in the temperature range from 100 °C to 1200 °C. Crushed, industrially manufactured zirconium beryllide produced by Ulba Metallurgical Plant, JSC (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan) was chosen as the object of study.

As a result of the analysis of the experimental data, a mechanism for the interaction of the heavy water vapor with zirconium beryllide has been proposed and an equation has been obtained for determining the ZrBe₂ corrosion rate constant during the interaction with heavy water vapor during purging with a vapor-gas mixture (Ar+D₂O):

The paper presents results calculated for radiation exposure of plants (aquatic, aero-aquatic and coastal) growing at man-made and naturally occurring water bodies at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS). The peak overall exposure dose rate was 0.078 mGy/day for coastal plants of man-made water bodies that resulted from off-normal situations during underground nuclear tests. As part of the conservative assessment, the peak overall exposure dose rate was 1.3 mGy/day for aquatic plants of man-made water bodies that resulted from excavation blasts. A publication by the International Commission on Radiological Protection says that there is no information on the manifestation of any effects for the dose rate range of 0.01 to 10 mGy/day for these plant species. Based upon findings, exposure doses to plants calculated from the radioecological survey of STS water bodies were found to be well below the threshold level of the ‘dose limit’ from different reported data. The output indicates that nothing threatens (endangers) the ecosystem health of STS water bodies.

The most vital task for any state is long-term guaranteed and reliable satisfaction of internal energy needs in the necessary amount. This task is becoming particularly valuable and critical in the modern context of Kazakhstan, since the main sources of energy generation are based at coal thermal power plants, whose share in the structure generation nowadays is over 70%. All existing thermal power plants are in a state of severely deterioration and have negative impact on the environment.

The development of atomic energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan is regarded as a long-term source for producing clean energy that will allow to solve all aspects of industry diversification, ensure energy safety and independence for a long period of time and achieve carbon neutrality in the shortest possible time.

Advancement of small modular reactors (SMR) is one of the fundamental directions of modern atomic energy development worldwide. This paper is devoted to overview and analysis of currently available SMR projects, along with a preliminary analysis of their conditions, perspectives, and criteria for their implementation in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The article presents an overview of capabilities of developed software ‘Assessment of public radiation exposure when living and carrying out any activities at the Semipalatinsk Test Site’ and quoted the algorithm to calculate public individual annual effective exposure doses from the major dose-forming man-made radionuclides at the test site (¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr, ^239+240Pu, ²⁴¹Am, ³H). The software developed takes into account such behavior scenario as a farmer engaged in subsistence farming and living in the study area together with his family members. The software was developed for Windows operating system and implemented in the development framework of cross-platform applications Embarcadero Delphi XE7 Professional in the object-oriented programming language Object Pascal.

Barium titanate is one of the most studied perovskite materials due to its substitution ability at both nodes of the crystal lattice, high dielectric constant, and stability. It has many outstanding characteristics, especially ferroelectric and dielectric properties, which can be improved by alloying, making this material suitable for a wide range of applications. In this paper, the effect of Rh doping on the structural, optical properties and electronic density of states of this compound is investigated. According to our calculations, Rh doping is a method that helps to increase the ability of BaTiO₃ to absorb more light and reduce the excess potential required for water oxidation. Calculations of the electronic density of states were carried out using the hybrid functional HSE06. The analysis of optical properties was performed on the basis of matrix elements with a transient dipole moment. Studies have confirmed that the (001) BaTiO₃ surface with terminated TiO₂ has significant potential for use as a catalyst. Rh doping leads to an expansion of the spectrum of absorbed light over the entire visible range.