The paper presents the results of a study of changes in the structural properties and magnetic structure of Fe nanotubes depending on the synthesis conditions. As a method of obtaining, the method of electrochemical synthesis from sulfuric acid electrolyte solutions was used, the voltage range was 1.25 to 2.0 V, with a step of 0.25 V. To study the influence of deposition conditions on the magnetic characteristics and the hyperfine magnetic structure of nanotubes, X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy were used. It has been established that the synthesized nanotubes are whisker-like structures with a textural direction of crystallite growth (110), a body-centered cubic lattice characteristic of the iron phase of the spatial system Im-3m (229). According to the Mossbauer data, the spectra of the studied nanostructures in the general case are a low-intensity Zeeman sextet and a quadrupole doublet characteristic of the paramagnetic state of the Fe2+ and Fe3 cations. The presence of a quadrupole doublet indicates the presence of impurity inclusions in the structure, which leads to a disordering of the magnetic texture, as well as the presence of a large number of cationic vacancies in the crystal structure. During the study, the dynamics of changes in the magnetic texture and the concentration of impurity inclusions from the synthesis conditions were established.

Nanostructured films based on TiO₂  with a thickness of 620 nm were obtained by magnetron sputtering. The samples were irradiated at the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator of the Astana branch of the Institute of Nuclear Physics with Fe⁷⁺  ionswith an energy of 85 MeV at the fluence of 1×10¹¹ to 1×10¹⁴ ions/cm². The dependences of the change in defects concentration in the structure of thin films from the irradiation dose are established. A decrease in intensities of diffraction peaks indicates an increase in microdistortions in the structure, as well as the formation of regions of disorder. Evaluation of the effect of irradiation on amorphization and destruction of the crystal structure was carried out using a modified Griffiths criterion. It has been established that a decrease in the degree of crystallinity as a result of irradiation leads to the formation of amorphous inclusions in the structure and a decrease in the radiation resistance of thin films.

3D-scanning at the stage of collecting data on an unknown component is proposed as a method to improve the remote identification efficiency. In contrast to the digital photo image, the 3D-model based on the 3D-scanned image of an unknown component is shown to simplify analyzing the external view of this component (shape, design features), to allow higher-precision determination of its important identification parameters (geometrical dimensions and density), and as a consequence, higher-probability prediction of its origin. The comparative analysis of the scanned component and its anticipated basic preimage through superposition of 3D-models by means of Creo Parametric software package is demonstrated.

Investigation of the dynamics of plasma in powerful-pulsed discharges has great scientific and practical interest for creation of fusion reactors of new generation and powerful sources of X-ray and neutron radiation for industry. In this article the experimental study of work of the Plasma focus-30 (PF-30) is conducted with coaxial geometry of electrodes at 0,1 torr initial pressure of working gas. Distribution of current is investigational and the static parameters of the thermonuclear reactor PF-30 are determined compared discharge current CPA-30 and PF-30 at an initial pressure of 0.1 Torr at a voltage of 16 кВ.

Rational use and protection of soil in market conditions requires the adequate application of new scientific and methodological approaches. One of such system-analytical methods of soil cadastre organizations is the combination of traditional ground-based methods with geographic information systems (GIS) technologies based on the wide use of aerospace images of different resolutions. The set of information necessary for mapping of soil cover structures and their quantitative assessment is described in GIS databases. Data integration is realized through the spatial and attribute components in the form of topographic and thematic maps. At the same time, the creation of GIS attribute databases involves digitizing thematic maps linked in a single map projection (which was a topographic map of 1:50,000 scale). As a result of the work, thematic maps and GIS attributive databases were formed: soils. As a result of research based on GIS technology, a digital soil map of Aktau rural district of Chingirlau district of West Kazakhstan region was developed using the ArcGIS software product.

Improving the efficiency of agricultural land use on the basis of conservation and improvement of soil fertility is one of the priorities of soil science, the solution of which is of key importance in ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy and food security of the country. The preservation and improvement of soil fertility is a major part of the general problem of rational use of land resources, increasing productivity and improving the soil ecology of agricultural landscapes. The modern assessment of soil is relevant for the development of the state and society because provides information on the accounting of geographical distribution, on the value of the soil, on rational use, on the protection and planning of the use of soil. As a result of the work, thematic maps and GIS attributive databases were formed: soils. As a result of research based on GIS technology, a digital soil map of the Atbasar region of the Akmola region has been developed using the ArcGIS software.

RSE “Institute of Nuclear Physics” of the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, together with the Atomic Energy Agency of Japan over the years have been conducting research aimed at developing the technology of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). This paper is devoted to the development of technology to study the properties of the irradiated fuel of the HTGR reactor. The object of research is the fuel elements of the HTGR reactor. Fuel cells contain particles, which is a spherical three-structured isotropic fuel with an outer diameter of 0.92 mm. Particles have a triple coating of pyrocarbon and silicon carbide. Particles pressed with a graphite matrix in a compact.

The objectives of the research include:

– external inspection and analysis of the size of the fuel compact;

– separation of particles from the graphite matrix;

– determination of the proportion of damaged particles;

– determination of uranium burnout.

Such studies are conducted at the institute for the first time. To accomplish the above tasks, it was necessary to develop a technology for handling irradiated nuclear fuel. The results obtained will be used to qualify the HTGR fuel in order to further increase the burnup of uranium in it.

The paper presents results of tests of irradiated samples of material from various SFAs of BN-350 RP under conditions of prolonged and constant exposure to temperature and mechanical load. The dependencies of strength characteristics of SFA material samples made of 12X18H10T steel on temperature and constant load were determined through short-term uniaxial tensile tests. The nature of the fracture of the SFA material samples was investigated before and after the tests.

This article presents one of the stages to create a facility for long-term testing of fusion materials at the WWR-K reactor. Particularly, data are presented on thermophysical calculations of an irradiating ampoule made of stainless steel
containing various materials of fusion breeders: lithium ceramics, lead-lithium eutectic.

The 3-dimensional axisymmetric model was used for calculations, according to which all elements are on the same axis. To simulate heat and mass transfer, we used the multiphysical module Nonisothermal Flow, which integrates the Heat Transfer in Fluids and Laminar Flow submodules for calculating the heat transfer in the ampoule metal and in the air flow in contact with the ampoule surface, and for calculating the velocity and pressure distribution in the flow, respectively. The dynamics of heating and the distribution of temperature fields in the ampoule were evaluated on the basis of which conclusions were made about parameters of the irradiation experiment.

Main experimental work results of obtaining plasma discharge at KTM tokamak are outlined in the paper. Results of initial prebreakdown magnetic field configuration scenario calculations by Plasmaless Tokscen numerical code and results of measuring parameters of selected scenario by diagnostic set of KTM are shown. All KTM electromagnetic system power supplies have been used during experiments on KTM tokamak. However, power supplies of central solenoid and toroidal magnetic field coils have been used only on its half project power, because of incompleteness of commissioning works.

The paper provides experimental results obtained during studying of heat resistant properties of casing of melt receiver of the LAVA-B facility. Values of heat losses through the wall of MR casing were determined. A heat resistance of MR casing has been calculated.

The results of experiments studying the peculiarities of changes in both phase composition and mechanical properties of austenitic 12X18H10T stainless steel, unirradiated and irradiated with neutrons, subjected to low-temperature deformation and post-deformation annealings in the temperature range 300–800 °C are discussed. The features of the formation and growth of the martensitic-phase during deformation and annealing are investigated. The dependence of the α´-phase content on microhardness of austenitic steel is considered.

High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) by two-thirds consists of graphite. Graphite is a moderator and reflector of neutrons, as well as the main structural material of the active zone, which allows operating the reactor at high temperatures Graphite is moderator and neutron reflector, and the main structural material of the core, allowing the reactor to operate at high temperatures. Nuclear fuel is a spherical microfuel, which are compressed into a graphite compact, from which fuel assemblies are then assembled. The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan is working on the qualification of irradiated fuel HTGR. To study the properties of the irradiated fuel HTGR, it is necessary to extract microfuel from the graphite matrix. The paper presents the results of experiments on the electrochemical separation of graphite and unirradiated fuel HTGR.

A methodological scheme was developed for determining uranium content in human urine using Agilent 7700x (Agilent Technologies) mass-spectrometer and quadrupolar inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry method. The paper demonstrates possibility to measure uranium concentration directly in urine samples diluted with 3% nitric acid solution without autoclave decomposition.

Obtained calibrating dependency for determining uranium within the concentration range of 0.1–10 µg/l is characterized by the correlation factor of 0,9998 and relative standard deviation of 4–9 %. Determination limit of the method is 30 ng/l. Assessment was made for spectral and matrix interferences with the results of measurements. Possibility of using calibration with selection of matrix to reduce matrix impact when determining uranium content in the urine was determined.

The work related to the study of the inclusive spectra of secondary protons produced in the interaction of protons with energies of 30.0 MeV with the nucleus ⁵⁸Ni. Double-differential and integral cross sections of (p, xp) reaction have been received with further determination of their total partial cross sections. The analysis of the experimental spectra is based on a modified version of the exciton model of pre-equilibrium decay in the frame of code PRECO-2006. The contributions of compound, preequilibrium and direct mechanisms to the formation of the integral cross section are calculated. The experimental results can be used in developing new approaches in theory of nuclear reactions, as well as the design of safe and non-waste hybrid nuclear power plants.

The technology of co-precipitation of hafnium and carbon coatings with different concentrations of carbon has been developed. When performing research by the method of magnetron deposition, hafnium-carbon coatings are formed in the concentration range from 59.8 to 11.2 at. % Carbon. The study of the phase composition of the coatings obtained by the method of x-ray analysis. The phase composition of the coatings was determined depending on the concentration of carbon in hafnium.

The effect of irradiation with neutrons and electrons, as well as temperature effects on stress relaxation processes in austenitic nickel-chromium steels has been investigated. The effect of an increase in the content of the ferromagnetic phase in irradiated samples deformed at cryogenic temperatures and annealed in the temperature range of 400 °C was found.

Complex experimental studies on the effect of temperature, static load and electron irradiation on the thermomechanical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene material were carried out. The obtained data of the dependence ɛ on t confirms the presence of phase transitions in this film. Irradiation significantly affects the dependences ɛ(t) and ɛ(ơ). Polytetrafluoroethylene material loses plasticity after electron irradiation, deformation (compared to non-irradiated material) by ~170 %, which is associated with the destruction of all chains. The experimental dependence ɛ on ơ for both non-irradiated and irradiated material is satisfactorily described in the cascade probabilistic model.

The optical properties of the unirradiated and irradiated series of biomaterials of the lake-reservoir Sorbulak were investigated. Samples are made from biomaterials of Sorbulak Lake (polluted) and growing near a nearby flowing river (unpolluted). The study of the optical properties and structure of irradiated and non-irradiated samples of reeds, sedges for reflection and lumen was carried out on an automated digital microscope (ACM) of the type Leica DM6000M. Experimental samples were prepared in the form of tubes (cut from stems) and leaves. The dose of electron irradiation is 50–500 kGy. Analysis of the data showed that simultaneous contamination and electron irradiation of biomaterial samples leads to blurring of material bands, which is associated with the accumulation of heavy metals and the generation of resistant radiation defects such as a Frenkel pair and an electron-ion pair, which subsequently lead to cell destruction and destruction of the biomaterial.

The computer simulation of the depth distributions of implanted titanium and nitrogen ions with e energies was performed= 70, 150, 250, 550, 700 and 1000 eV, energy loss in titanium. It is found that these curves (for different energies), both for titanium and nitrogen, have distinct maxima, and their concentrations are unevenly distributed in depth. As shown by the calculations, the distribution of energy losses for ionization and excitation by the depth of titanium and nitrogen material in titanium are sharply decreasing functions for all calculated energies. With increasing energy, the maximum value in the distribution of implanted ions decreases, and energy losses – increases.

The paper discusses polymeric insulating materials: polyethyleneterephthalate, polyimide, phenylone. Their mechanical properties are investigated. Various models of materials destruction are proposed. It was established that the mechanical properties of the films depend on the structure and conditions of their synthesis. The globular structure of polymers determines their fragility. The destruction, as a rule, occurs along the boundaries of globules weakly interconnected. Mechanical influences lead to the ability of the globule to unfold, and the globular structure becomes fibrillar, which leads to severe deformations of polymers. In the case of uniaxial loading of materials, an exponential model was calculated. A good agreement between the calculated and experimental data was obtained.

An analytical solution is obtained for the integro-differential equation of a cascade process for particles (knocked out atoms, etc.) in a three-dimensional model of an elementary act, into which a generalized cascade-probability function (GCPF) leads. It is shown that after the Laplace transformation, the equation passes into an integral one, which is then solved by the method of successive approximations. The basic physical properties of this function are established. With the constancy of the path to the interaction and the angle of departure of the particle after the collision, the GCPF goes into the simplest CPF. With small depths of registration, the probability that a particle will pass this depth tends to zero (both without collisions and when testing i interactions). At greater depths, these probabilities tend to zero. With a large i GCPF goes into a Stirling type formula. As the interaction path increases, the probability without interaction tends to unity, and the probability with i-interactions tends to zero.

Experiments were carried out on the dependence of strain on stress in the test for a flat straight bend of samples of non-irradiated and irradiated corrugated Plexiglas. It is found that with increasing voltage the relative elongation of corrugated samples of Plexiglas (both non-irradiated and irradiated) increases linearly. It is revealed that the irradiation leads to a noticeable change in the deformation-strength characteristics of the material, manifested in a decrease in plasticity. Elongation striped acrylic plastic after irradiation is changed to 20 %, and the pyramid – 40 %. In this case, the strength change does not occur. The obtained curves of lgt versus Ơ are satisfactorily described in the framework of the linear model.

In the paper for the first time thermophysical properties (specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity) of natural corium of a fast nuclear power reactor were determined in the temperature range from room one up to ~400 °С. The obtained data is oriented at use in temperature field calculations when modeling the processes of corium melt retention in fast nuclear reactor vessel.

In this paper, the behavior of a model nuclear fuel element of a fast neutron reactor was studied in order to study the effect of blanket zones on the distribution of fuel melt throughout the reactor core. A computational model of the experimental device has been developed, thermophysical calculations have been carried out to substantiate the safety of the in-reactor experiment, a diagram of reactor power has been determined, the implementation of which reached the initial stage of melting zones with high fuel enrichment. An in-reactor experiment on a IGR RRC with an experimental device equipped with a model fast-neutron fuel element was prepared and carried out.

Recently, carbon materials containing fullerenes have been used as sorbents. The purpose of the study was to explore and compare the sorption properties with respect to heavy metal ions of fullerene-containing materials. This will allow choosing the most effective way of obtaining fullerene-containing sorbents for use in processes of cleaning of environmental objects. For our research, several types of sorbents obtained from shungite and graphite were selected. The results showed that fullerene-containing sorbents bind a significant part of pollutants and reduce the toxicity of the soil. Nevertheless, complete purification from metals is not observed. The obtained results are the basis for further studying the sorption properties of carbon nanomaterials and are of practical importance in the field of nanotechnology, ecology, ecotoxicology, chemical technology of inorganic substances and other.

The article presents results of adaptation processes of main types of ecosystems (steppe, meadow, halophytic) and various types of disturbed ecosystems territories of the Semipalatinsk test site (STS). It was found that radiation pollution provokes change of morphological and anatomical structure of plants and leads to formation of some adaptation signs. Formation of adaptation signs of perennials and shrubs is expressed more clearly. Change of morphological and anatomical structure of plants happens more often in meadow (mesophyte) communities and at disturbed areas.