The article presents the main problems of wear and service life of slide gate valves for trunk pipeline transport of oil and gas industry. One of the possible ways to solve these problems is the application of a thin layer of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings. Due to the ever-increasing cost of materials, as well as the increased requirements for materials, coating methods have recently become increasingly important. Among the gas-thermal coating methods, the High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Spray (HVOF) technology is a new and rapidly developing technology that produces high density coatings with porosity less than 1%, with improved hardness and adhesion as well as improved erosion, corrosion and wear resistance properties. This overview article provides a comparative review of the characteristics of carbide coatings produced using different spraying technologies.

The paper presents information about soil pollution with heavy metals from tourism in the Altai Mountains of Kazakhstan and the Altai Mountains of Mongolia. During the pandemic, traveling to the Altai Mountains became a trend became trend for domestic tourism in both countries. Bad infrastructure is here. Therefore, tourist vehicles have damaged the surface of the soil by driving on dirt roads, building new branch roads, approaching snow-capped peaks, and driving through swampy areas. The authors hypothesized that the soil is likely to be contaminated with heavy metals, mostly due to heavy vehicles with large motors. As a result, compared to clean soil, the lead levels increased by 12.5–15.8 mg/kg, nickel for 16.1–33.7 mg/kg, zinc for 15.6–17.1 mg/kg and the amount of heavy metals increased by 2–4 times. The results of the experiment confirmed the presence of heavy metal contamination in disturbed soil. But this pollution has not exceeded the standard level. Because contaminated soils are washed away by snow and rain.

The article presents a review of the results of research on high-entropy alloys, describing the principles of their formation, the basic concepts and properties of high-entropy alloys. The existing categories of the entropic alloys are listed. The effects resulting from the formation of high-entropy alloys are described: high entropy, lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion and cocktail effects. It is noted that the traditional thermodynamic representations for multicomponent alloys require additions. It is also noted that the application of Hume-Rothery rules to predict the phase composition of high-entropy alloys shows some difficulties, since it is difficult to select a large number of elements having the same type of lattice and valence. The results of the analysis of a number of parameters and conditions which, according to the researchers' opinion, affect the structural state created by high-entropy alloys, taking into account which could allow to correctly predict the formation of structures in high-entropy. Analysis of the literature data has shown that at present there is no universal parameter that could allow the correct prediction of the formation of structures in multicomponent alloys systems. Methods for the preparation of powders of high entropy alloys are presented. The results of frequently used methods of obtaining coatings on the basis of high-entropy alloys, such as laser cladding, magnetron sputtering, electrochemical deposition and thermal spraying are reviewed. Disadvantages of obtaining coatings methods are described.

Since the beginning of 2022 to date, the “Institute of Atomic Energy” Branch of the Republican State Enterprise “National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan” has been updating the subsystems to control heaters and monitor the parameters of liquid sodium of the information-control system of the EAGLE test-bench. As part of this activity, the purchased equipment was installed, the initial configuration of the modules and expansion baskets was made using the specialized Modbus Utility software supplied with the package, and the software was developed.

Currently, the use of artificial cold is one of the main factors of economic, environmental and social life of the world. Any modern science, technology and technology cannot provide without artificial cold. And artificial cold is implemented with the help of refrigeration units. The article discusses the principles of operation of the refrigeration unit in the optimal mode of operation and in case of a malfunction of the heat exchanger. Various problems were compared with the optimal mode of operation and conclusions were given. All research work was carried out experimentally, as well as proved by a thermal imager (thermal imager). Detailed data were presented in the form of tables and diagrams. As a result of the analysis of the data, the use of a multi-factor experimental method was revealed. Individual and generalized conclusions were made on the processes of the refrigerator in each case of a malfunction.

“Atomic Lake” is one of the objects visited by tourists at Semipalatinsk test site. In this regard, the calculation of the radiation dose received by a person on “Atomic Lake” in conditions of high radiation is relevant. Behavioral scenarios typical when visiting the territory of “Atomic Lake” are highlighted: “Tourist”, “Staff”, “Farmer”.

In the method used, the effective dose is represented as the sum of partial doses from external gamma radiation from the soil, inhalation intake of radionuclides, oral intake of radionuclides with food. The calculations used data obtained by the branch of RSE National Research Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology”.   In behavioral scenarios, the annual effective dose is represented as the sum of partial doses from external gamma radiation from the soil, inhalation intake of radionuclides, oral intake of radionuclides from food.

The results of the calculation of radiation doses showed that permanent residence of the population in this territory is excluded, since it leads to exceeding the annual effective radiation dose of the population established by the hygienic standard (GN SETORB). No excess of the annual effective dose is expected when Group A personnel and tourists visit the “Atomic Lake”, and the main source of exposure is external radiation from radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs. At the same time, when living in the study area, the annual effective dose with oral intake of radionuclides with water leads to an excess of the established annual effective radiation dose of the population.

For the first time the IGR NNC RK has implemented a new digitization technique allowing digitizing the analogue seismograms with a good quality and saving in advanced seismic data formats. A new technique is based on a Wavetrack software developed by Novosibirsk Regional Center for Information Technologies, and on a range of additional utilities developed by the Michigan State University, USA. The digitization results were compared with NXSCAN results developed by IRIS, USA. The comparison showed some advances of a new technique, and opportunity to use jointly the records digitized by different techniques in a definite frequency range. A database of the digitized nuclear explosions seismograms was created at the moment the digitized seismograms are used for different seismic monitoring tasks.

The purpose of this work is to establish regularities in the processes of phase formation in Al₂O₃-Si₃N₄ ceramics in the annealing temperature range from 800 to 1500 °C, as well as to determine the effect of the phase composition of ceramics on strength properties. Interest in this class of composite ceramics is due to the possibility of using them as materials for inert matrices of dispersed nuclear fuel. The evaluation of the phase composition as a result of thermal annealing of the samples was carried out using the method of X-ray phase analysis. In the course of the analysis, the following phase transformations were established: Si₃N₄/Al₂O₃ → Si₃N₄/Al₂O₃-M/Al₂O₃-R → Si₃N₄/Al₂O₃-R/Al₂SiO₅ → Al₂SiO₅/SiO₂, according to which a change in the annealing temperature leads to polymorphic transformations of aluminum oxide with an increase in the annealing temperature, as well as the formation of a complex oxide phase of the Al₂SiO₅ type. At the same time, at an annealing temperature above 1400 °C, a transformation of the Si₃N₄ → SiO₂ type is observed, associated with the processes of decomposition of silicon nitride and its transformation into silicon oxide upon interaction with air during annealing. It was found that the primary processes during annealing of ceramics are the processes of structural ordering of samples, without a significant change in the phase ratio.

A system has been created for extracting and transporting light radiation from the irradiation chamber and the protective box of the INURA accelerator. Light outside the protective box is recorded using compact spectrometers, photomultipliers, photodetectors in the range from 300 nm to 2.1 µm. At present, the accelerator operates in the ion acceleration mode; the number of problems to be solved should increase when switching to the electron acceleration mode. The system was tested in the registration of light radiation from the interelectrode gap of the diode assembly. Lines of a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom associated with the decomposition of absorbed water vapor and the discharge over the dielectric surface at the anode of the high-current accelerator diode have been registered.

Prior to the commissioning of the IVG.1M reactor with low-enriched uranium fuel, experimental studies of reactor characteristics were carried out on physical and energy start-ups, which should confirm the results of preliminary computational studies and the operability of the reactor. This article is devoted to the study of the axial and radial energy release profile in the IVG.M reactor fuel assemblies using in-reactor dosimetry techniques. The experimental results are compared with the results of neutron-physical simulations. The obtained energy release irregularity coefficients can be used in further thermo-technical calculations.

The paper presents the characteristics of the plant cover at the ‘Lazurit’ object including the content of tritium (³Н): tissue free water tritium (TFWT) and organically bound tritium (OBT). There were 5 major ecosystem types noted: ecosystems of low-hill terrain, high and low hummocks, deluvial-proluvial and alluvial plains. The content of OBT in the plant cover of the study area was found to be insignificant and, in most cases, below the detection limit of the methodological instrumentation in use. Quantitative values reported for TFWT and OBT average 6 to 81 Bq/kg and <10 to 37 Bq/kg, respectively, with a maximum near the mouth site of borehole R-1 (TFWT – 29,000±3,000 Bq/kg, OBT – 14,000±2,000 Bq/kg). At the same time, the ratio of OBT/ TFWT (0.8) points to the presence of a recent source of ³Н entry into plants.

The results of research on the application of the method of measurement of gross alpha-, beta-activity in water using the liquid scintillation counter (LSC) Quantulus 1220 are presented. Basic procedures of preparation and spectrometric measurement of aqueous samples were studied and performed. The detection efficiency of alpha-, beta-particles depending on quenching and the optimum alpha-, beta-radiation separation parameter for the method used were determined. Testing and validation of the technique was carried out on model solutions with different concentrations and composition of alpha- and beta-emitters, as well as by participating in interlaboratory comparisons. The results demonstrated that the use of LSS allows for a sufficiently fast and accurate estimation of the gross alpha- and beta-activity in water below the regulated limits without the use of labor-intensive sample preparation.